CELTIC _OPPIDA_ AND FORTIFIED VILLAGES
YORKSHIRE. Stanwick.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. Hunsbury.
KENT. Bigbury Camp.
SUSSEX. Mount Caburn.
BERKSHIRE. Northfield Farm, Long Wittenham.
DORSETSHIRE. Hod Hill.
Hambledown Hill.
Maiden Castle.
Rotherley.
SOMERSETSHIRE. Ham Hill.
NAIRNSHIRE. Burghead.
PERTHSHIRE. Abernethy.
AYRSHIRE. Seamill Fort.
CARDIGANSHIRE. Castell Nadolig.
CARNARVONSHIRE. Treceiri.
ROMANO-BRITISH STATIONS AND TOWNS
NORTHUMBERLAND. Great Chesters (Æsica).
Risingham (Habitancum).
WESTMORELAND. Brough.
Kirkby Thore.
LANCASHIRE. Ribchester.
YORKSHIRE. New Malton.
NORTHAMPTON. Wellingborough.
SURREY. Farley Heath.
HAMPSHIRE. Silchester.
PERTHSHIRE. Ardoch.
DUMFRIES. Birrenswark.
A study of the above lists discloses some interesting facts. It will
be noticed that the caves are confined exclusively to the limestone
districts of the counties of York, Lancaster, Derby, Stafford, and
Devon. The lake-dwellings are found chiefly in the south-west of
Scotland and the north-east and central part of Ireland, there being
only one example in England and none in Wales. The _brochs_ and _weems_
(or underground houses) are Pictish structures, and therefore do
not occur anywhere except in Scotland, chiefly in its north-eastern
counties. The Celtic _oppida_ are most common in the south of England
where the Belgic settlements predominated, but there are a few examples
in Scotland. Probably a more systematic examination of the hill-forts
throughout Great Britain would show that those in which large areas are
enclosed by double and triple ramparts of stone or earth[168] belong
to the Late-Celtic period. At the present time practically nothing is
known as to the age of the stone forts and earthen raths in Ireland or
Wales.
Most of the Romano-British fortified sites which have yielded works of
art of Late-Celtic type, although executed under Roman influence, are
in the south of Scotland or in the north of England, on or near the
Wall of Hadrian, or along the lines of the military roads leading to
it.[169] At Farley Heath, near Guildford, Surrey, numerous specimens
of Kelto-Roman enamelled bronze objects have been found, and this site
would no doubt produce a plentiful harvest of antiquities of a similar
nature if properly explored. The great difficulty, however, as we have
already pointed out in dealing with the Romano-British sites, is to
determine to what extent the style of the art of the objects found
there can be shown to be definitely Celtic. In our lists we have only
included sites from which have been procured antiquities exhibiting
Celtic enamel and flamboyant ornament, or fibulæ of known Celtic type.