The cruciform and =T=-shaped fibulæ, which began in Roman times and continued to be used by the Anglo-Saxons, resulted from extending the coils of the spring at the head symmetrically on both sides of the pin. In this class of fibula the two outside ends of the coil were joined by a loop passing through the inside of the bow so as to give extra leverage to the spring, or sometimes serving merely as a loop for suspension by means of a chain. A specimen of silver was found at the Warren,[203] near Folkestone, and is now in the British Museum. The lower portion is, unfortunately, broken off, but the retroflected end of the tail remains, with the little ornamental knob which is the survival of the practically useful collar for securing it to the back of the bow. The coils of the spring on each side of the pin and the connecting loop are clearly seen, together with the loose ring passing through the coils of the spring and a portion of the chain for suspension. [203] _The Reliquary_ for 1901, p. 197. An exceedingly pretty pair of harp-shaped fibulæ of silver, with a well-wrought chain for suspension, were found near Chorley, Lancashire, with Roman coins dating from Galba to Hadrian, and are now in the British Museum. At the top of each fibula is a loop for attachment to the chain, and the bodies are beautifully ornamented with Late-Celtic flamboyant patterns. The knob, which is the survival of the collar already referred to, has here assumed a highly ornamental form resembling two floriated capitals of columns placed together. [Illustration: BRONZE FIBULA FROM POLDEN HILL, SOMERSETSHIRE; NOW IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM SIDE VIEW, SCALE ¾ LINEAR] [Illustration: BRONZE FIBULA FROM POLDEN HILL, SOMERSETSHIRE; NOW IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM FRONT VIEW, SCALE ¾ LINEAR] [Illustration: BRONZE FIBULA FROM RIVER CHURN; NOW IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM SIDE VIEW, SCALE 1/1 LINEAR] [Illustration: BRONZE FIBULA FROM RIVER CHURN; NOW IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM FRONT VIEW, SCALE 1/1 LINEAR] The specimen represented on p. 104 is one of a pair of silver-gilt fibulæ, similar to the preceding, but larger and without the chain, although possessing the loops for suspension. They were purchased in Newcastle about the year 1811, and are now in the British Museum. It is stated in Hodgson’s _History of Northumberland_ (vol. iii., Appendix x., p. 440) that the locality from whence they came was somewhere in the county north-east of Backworth. The fibulæ were discovered in a silver patera bearing a dedicatory inscription to the Deæ Matres, and containing, in addition— 5 gold rings. 1 silver ring. 2 gold chains with wheel pendants. 1 gold bracelet. 3 silver spoons. 1 mirror. 280 denarii. 2 large brass coins of Antoninus Pius.