Handles of swords and daggers.
Chapes of sword and dagger-sheaths.
Bridle-bits.
Harness-mountings and rings.
Chariot fittings.
Collars and armlets.
Handles of tankards and mirrors.
Spoon-like objects of unknown use.
Wrought-bronze was used for—
Sword and dagger-sheaths.
Shields and helmets.
Mountings of wooden buckets and tankards.
Caldrons and buckets.
Circular discs of unknown use.
The ornamental features of the objects of cast bronze were produced
chiefly during the process of moulding, although the surface was in
many cases further beautified afterwards by chasing, engraving, and
enamelling.
[Illustration: Late-Celtic Bronze Mirror from Trelan Bahow, Cornwall
Now in the British Museum]
Objects of wrought-bronze were usually decorated by means of repoussé
work, _i.e._ designs in relief hammered up from the back. Occasionally
enamel was added (as, for example, on the shield from the Thames, now
in the British Museum), in the form of small plaques fixed on with
rivets. In place of the more or less crude corrugations and rows of
raised pellets of the Bronze Age we get the most marvellous curved
surfaces and conchoids, executed with an unerring eye and a skill which
it would be difficult to surpass. The repoussé work of the Late-Celtic
period is seen in its greatest perfection on the circular discs of
unknown use[265] in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy in Dublin,
and the British Museum.
Both cast and wrought objects of bronze were decorated with patterns
composed of finely engraved lines shaded in places with a peculiar
kind of cross-hatching or with dots. The mirror-backs,[266] the
sword-sheaths,[267] and the harness-rings[268] afford good examples of
this class of work.
[265] See p. 121.
[266] See list on p. 115.
[267] See list on p. 91; especially the one from Lisnacroghera.
[268] See list on p. 94; especially those from Polden Hill, Somerset.
[Illustration: Upper part of Bronze Sword-sheath from Hunsbury
Now in the Northampton Museum]
Brazing and soldering appear to have been unknown to the metalworkers
of the Late-Celtic period, as they pieced their metalwork together
by means of rivets. The practice of riveting was learnt from the
artificers who constructed the caldrons of the late Bronze Age
already referred to, and they, no doubt, in their turn, acquired their
knowledge from a foreign source. The bronze helmet from the Thames at
Waterloo Bridge, now in the British Museum, illustrates the riveting of
the Late-Celtic period at its best. The rivets generally have pointed
conical heads, producing a good decorative effect. The way in which
the different pieces of metal are held together is often ingeniously
disguised by making the rivet-heads form part of the ornament, or by
concealing the head behind a circular disc of enamel.