Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
Celtic art in Pagan and Christian times
John Stuart Mill · en
The circular bronze discs and the gold collar from Ireland exhibit a
class of flamboyant work which is somewhat different from that on the
shield from the Thames, and is still further removed from the original
foliage motive designs. Here conchoids take the place of the circular
enamelled plaques arranged in symmetrical positions, and the curves
connecting them with each other have the trumpet-shaped terminal
expansions, which are so characteristic of the Late-Celtic style, very
highly developed. A further modification that disguises the foliageous
origin of the design is the substitution of two =C=-shaped curves
meeting at an angle for the more gracefully flowing =S=-shaped curves.
Examples of a running pattern composed of =C=-shaped curves meeting at
an angle in the way described, occur on a bronze collar from Lochar
Moss,[321] Dumfriesshire, now in the British Museum (see p. 112). A
running pattern composed of =C= and =S=-shaped curves alternately
meeting at an angle occurs on the enamelled mounting of a bronze bowl
from Barlaston,[322] Staffordshire. We have pointed out the changes due
to copying in relief a design engraved on a flat surface; but curiously
enough when the decoration of the repoussé metalwork was again
transferred to a flat surface, as in the enamelled fittings of the
bronze bowls and in the spiral ornamentation of the illuminated MSS.
of the Christian period, it did not return to what it was before, but
became still more unlike its foliageous prototype. It will be noticed
that the ends of the trumpet-shaped expansions on the bronze discs and
gold collar being in the highest relief catch the light. In the MSS.
and enamels this effect is imitated by small almond-shaped spots of a
different colour from the rest. The beautiful repoussé ornament on the
bronze mirror from Balmaclellan,[323] Kirkcudbrightshire, now in the
Edinburgh Museum of Antiquities, supplies us with another instance of
little raised bosses which were afterwards reproduced on the flat by
means of colour in the Christian MSS.
[321] _Archæologia_, vol. xxxiii., p. 347.
[322] _Ibid._, vol. lvi., p. 44.
[323] Dr. J. Anderson’s _Scotland in Pagan Times: Iron Age_, p. 127.
[Illustration: Spiral Ornament in Illuminated MS. copied from repoussé
metalwork]
[Illustration: CIRCULAR DISC OF BRONZE WITH REPOUSSÉ ORNAMENT FROM
IRELAND; NOW IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM]
[Illustration: BRONZE ENAMELLED HARNESS-RING FROM WESTHALL, SUFFOLK;
NOW IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM
SCALE ¾ LINEAR]