There are several other passages in which the name occurs, the date of which cannot, however, be fixed with certainty. In the _Synekdemos_ of Hierokles[71] we have three times the phrase Πύλος, ἡ πατρὶς Νέστορος, νῦν δὲ καλεῖται Ἀβαρῖνος. Now Hierokles wrote before 535, but all these three passages occur in the lists of towns which have changed their names, and these three lists must belong, as Krumbacher points out, to a much later period than the main body of the work. The scholiast to Ptolemy[72] also makes an annotation Πύλος ὀ καὶ Ἀβαρῖνος, and in the Latin manuscripts of that passage the rendering is _Pylus, qui et Abarmus_ (sic). The alteration of Abarinos into Navarino follows, of course, the usual Greek habit of prefixing to the mediæval name the last letter of the accusative of the article. Thus εἰς τὸν Ἀβαρῖνον becomes Ναβαρῖνον, just as εἰς τὴν Πόλιν becomes _Stambûl_, εἰς τὰς Ἀθῆνας _Satines_ or _Sathines_, εἰς τὰς Θῆβας _Estives_. The conclusion seems to be that Fallmerayer was right after all when he derived the name of Navarino from a settlement of Avars on the site of the ancient Pylos[73]. The settlement of the Navarrese Company there was merely a coincidence. It may be added that _Abarinus_ also occurs in a document[74] of Charles I of Naples, dated 1280, as the name of a place in Apulia, not apparently Bari. * * * * * Since I wrote the above note on this subject I have found two other passages which confirm the view that the name of Navarino existed before the Navarrese Company entered Greece. They occur in the _Commemoriali_[75], where we find Venice complaining to Robert, prince of Achaia, and to the bailie of Achaia and Lepanto that the crew of a Genoese ship had started from _Navarrino vecchio_ and had plundered some Venetian subjects. The dates of these two documents are 1355 and 1356. The late Professor Krumbacher, in the _Byzantinische Zeitschrift_ (XIV. 675), agreed that Hopf’s derivation had been disproved by my article, but thought that the name of Navarino comes not from the Avars, but from the Slavonic _javorina_, “a wood of maples.” AUTHORITIES 1. _The Chronicle of Morea._ Ed. John Schmitt, Ph.D. London, 1904. 2. _Le Livre de la Conqueste._ In _Recherches historiques sur la Principauté française de Morée_. Tome II. By J. A. Buchon. Paris, 1845. New Edn. by J. Longnon. Paris, 1911. 3. Ἱστορία τοῦ Ἑλληνικοῦ Ἔθνους (_History of the Greek Nation_). By K. Paparregopoulos. 4th Edn. Athens, 1903. 4. _Geschichte Griechenlands vom Beginn des Mittelalters._ Von K. Hopf. In Ersch und Gruber’s _Allgemeine Encyklopädie_. Bände 85, 86. Leipzig, 1867. 5. _Chroniques Gréco-Romanes inédites ou peu connues._ Published by Charles Hopf. Berlin, 1873. 6. _Geschichte der Stadt Athen im Mittelalter._ Von F. Gregorovius. 3rd Edn. Stuttgart, 1889. 7. _La Conquête de Constantinople, par Geoffroy de Villehardouin._ By Émile Bouchet. Paris, 1891.