I cannot imagine an ovaritis without at least a circumscribed peritonitis, and one can hardly suppose a pelvic peritonitis to exist without in a certain degree compromising the ovary. If the ovary has once become inflamed, whether alone or as a complication of other diseases, then the most important question to decide is the existence of an abscess. This can only be recognized by an experienced and careful specialist, who has trained his sense of touch, so that he can feel the abscess between the fingers of one hand in the vagina, and the other making counter pressure on the abdomen. The history of each case must in a measure decide the nature of the fluctuating tumor, whether it may not be an ovarian cyst instead of an abscess, although an abscess may have been a small cyst. The development and course of different cases, present various aspects for consideration. The enlargement may become obstinate to the ordinary methods of treatment and assume the chronic form of subacute inflammation. The inflammation may spread from the ovary to the peritoneal membrane that partly covers it; these are the broad ligaments of the uterus. This may be the means through which the organ may grow to the surrounding tissue and adjacent organs, so that it becomes utterly impossible to move it or even successfully extirpate it from its intimate attachments. In other cases the ovary remains entirely free from attachments or complications, and while it can be generally felt lower down pressing perhaps on the rectum, it is readily movable or replaced. In the majority of cases only one ovary is involved, but in these cases there is a predisposition which in a large proportion sooner or later compromises also the other ovary in a similar diseased process. TREATMENT.