(_e_) Tonsilitis or quinsy sore throat is often mistaken for the mumps, but to the experienced practitioner or nurse there is no resemblance, and to mistake one for the other is almost impossible. In tonsilitis the cheek never swells, the swelled tonsils being felt only behind the jaw and quite below the ear. Tonsilitis occurs oftener than mumps, and unlike the latter affection, when the patient has had one attack of quinsy he is likely to have a recurrence whenever he gets a fresh cold. The disease begins with difficult deglutition, pain, heat and dryness in the throat, and always more or less fever, from which some children become quite delirious. The affected tonsils become as large as pigeon eggs, and can be readily felt beneath the angle of the lower jaw. The swollen tonsils are red and dotted with yellowish spots, which is due to the suppuration of the follicles of which the gland is composed. If both swell at the same time so that they touch each other, symptoms of suffocation may ensue. The writer suffered from tonsilitis when he was a student, and the pain was indeed excruciating for a time. The pain is sometimes greater in swallowing fluids than solids. In examining the mouth a little skill is required. Some children are so well trained that they will respond at once, and then by means of a spoon handle the tongue is depressed, and the tonsils come into view. Others again have their own sweet will about these things, and simply will not voluntarily open their mouths. Then it takes two persons to manage them in the following manner: while one person holds the child in his lap, its back and head braced against his chest and the hands held down, the other person slides the handle of a teaspoon along the tongue until he touches the soft palate; this makes the child gag, and at that moment the tonsils are brought plainly into view. The treatment for tonsilitis should be prompt and active; that is, when the disease is recognized, something should be done at once to relieve it. If the bowels are constipated give a laxative at once, and over the painful tonsils apply a flaxseed poultice, keeping the neck and head wrapped up well at the same time. For the fever give a dose of _antifebrine_ in the forenoon and at bedtime; for a child one year old, one grain for a dose; at the age of three or four, give two grains at once, and at eight to twelve years, three grains can be given. Chlorate of potassa is the best remedy for a gargle, and for internal use also. Make a solution of chlorate of potassa by dissolving one teaspoonful in a teacupful of hot water, and when cooled off, have the child gargle every hour or two, and swallow a half to a teaspoonful of the solution at the same time.