Moderate reaction is aimed at and fostered. All warm applications, whether dry or moist, are scrupulously refrained from; the patient must not approach the fire, nor immerse his limbs in hot water, or even be in a warm room. Attention to these precepts must on no account be disregarded, as its neglect would be almost certainly followed by mortification or other disastrous consequences.” (_e_) Drowning or the submersion of an individual until life is destroyed by suffocation is not an uncommon accident. “The immediate cause of death in drowning,” says Dr. Gross, “is suffocation or insufficiency of air. Respiration being thus arrested, the blood is unaerated and consequently unfitted for life, although the circulation may go on for a short time after breathing has completely ceased.” The Navarino sponge divers whose occupation has accustomed them to live under water the extreme limit, average only seventy-six seconds, while the Ceylon pearl divers seldom remain under water with impunity more than two-thirds of that time. Dr. Gross says: “The period at which a person after submersion may be resuscitated varies very much in different cases and under different circumstances. In some cases, for reasons not always explicable, recovery is found to be impossible at the end of one minute. The chances are never good after submersion of twice this length of time, especially when the water and the air are both uncommonly cold. “The treatment of apnœa from drowning must be prompt and decided. Every moment of time is most precious. The body being removed from the water to a dry place, is immediately stripped, wiped, and covered with a blanket, especially in cold weather. The mouth, nostrils and throat are cleared of mucus, froth, and any other substances likely to interfere with the admission of air to the lungs; the tongue is to be pulled out at the corner of the mouth, and prevented from falling back upon the glottis; ammonia is rapidly passed to and fro under the nose; and the body is stretched out at full length with the face downwards, the forehead resting upon one arm, for the purpose of allowing any water that may be in the stomach and air passages to escape by the mouth and nose. If these means do not speedily revive the patient, artificial respiration is instituted. For this purpose, the body being placed upon its back, with the head slightly elevated, the arms, grasped just above the elbows, are carried outwards and upwards from the chest almost perpendicularly, and retained in this position for about two seconds, the object of the procedure being designed to promote the introduction of air into the lungs as in natural breathing. They are then lowered and brought closely to the sides of the chest, where they are held for the same length of time, to expel the air, the effect being aided by pressure applied to the inferior and lateral portions of the chest. These alternate movements of elevation and depression