In the Wilds of South America — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
In the Wilds of South America
John Stuart Mill · en
There was also a splendid representation of the parrot family, ranging
from noisy little parrakeets to huge, green amazons. This reminded
me of an interesting provision of nature whereby three families of
birds frequently found in the same locality are able to obtain their
sustenance. They are the parrots, trogons, and toucans, all of which
feed upon fruit, each seeming to secure its food in a different manner.
The zygodactyl feet of parrots enable them to _climb_ out to the tip
of fruit-laden branches and to cling to them in any position while
feeding; toucans, endowed with an enormously elongated bill are able to
_reach_ a long distance for a coveted morsel, which is grasped between
the tip of the mandibles and tossed back with an upward jerk of the
head, to be swallowed; a trogon has a very short beak and neck, and the
delicate feet are not adapted to climbing, but the wings of the bird
are so constructed as to enable it to hover, from which position the
fruit it desires may be snapped off the stem, when the bird returns to
its perch to devour it.
One day our host’s son, aged thirteen, undertook to guide me to a
distant part of the forest, where he said a large herd of peccaries
had their feeding-ground. At first we passed through a part of the
country well known to me, as I had taken a number of hunting excursions
over the same ground; then we ascended a steep slope and, reaching the
top, began to explore a vast stretch of heavy woods but rarely visited
by any one. Although we had come for the express purpose of hunting
peccaries, there were so many rare prizes on all sides that it was
impossible to adhere strictly to our first intention; the temptation to
add new treasures to our collection proved too great. Dainty little
pigmy squirrels played in the top of the palms, or clung like lichens
to the tree-trunks.
Some of the trees bore ripe fruit, and to them many animals came which
are hard or even impossible to find under other conditions, thus making
an ideal spot for the naturalist. A few seeds of the alligator-pear
cast away by a hunter years before had taken root and grown into
good-sized trees; the fruit dropped to the ground as it matured,
attracting agoutis, which collected, apparently from some distance, to
feed on the rich morsels. Other trees were laden with small berries.
Although there was no sound to indicate the presence of a living thing,
we usually discovered that first impressions were deceptive. If we
waited a short time, a gentle patter on the leaves at our feet rewarded
our patience; and then a close scrutiny of the leafy vault revealed
silent, dark forms carefully moving among the tops of the branches and
reaching out to pick the fruit upon which they were feeding. Gradually
the shadowy forms assumed the shape of toucans, parrots, or macaws; the
latter two birds are very wasteful and drop far more food than they eat.