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John Stuart Mill · en
As the aggregate number of Senators and Representatives is 447, this
project would create that many regiments of Militia (or National
Guardsmen) which, allowing for the increased number of companies in
Artillery and Infantry, would constitute an Army on a war footing
of about 500,000 men; an added third battalion would increase it to
750,000, and then again if the number of enlisted men in each company
in time of war was increased to, say, 200 men, would give us an Army
of 1,500,000 men (all that the country is likely to need under any
emergency) which would quickly blend and assimilate, Regulars and
Volunteers, in one harmonious whole.

The present pay of the officer is ample but none too great, while
the pay of the men is too niggardly to entice any one into any kind
of employment in this country, save the unfortunate or the idle and
vicious, seeking temporary relief from suffering for food, shelter and
raiment.

The number and monthly pay on first entrance in the different grades
(omitting musicians, artificers, etc.) of the Line of the Army, are as
follows:

     40 Colonels                                    $291.67
     40 Lieutenant Colonels                          250.00
     70 Majors                                       208.33
    430 Captains           Foot, $150.00   Mounted   166.67
    530 First Lieutenants   "     125.00      "      133.33
    430 Second Lieutenants  "     116.67      "      125.00

Mark here the great gulf between officers and men in the gradation of
pay, uniformity above and uniformity below:

                           Pay  Rations  Clothing
    40 Sergeant Majors     $23   $4.00    $3.83   Total,   $30.83
    430 First Sergeants     25    4.00     3.81     "       32.81
    1,860 Sergeants         18    4.00     3.73     "       25.73
    1,720 Corporals         15    4.00     3.71     "       22.71
    17,264 Privates         13    4.00     3.34     "       20.34

Perhaps the police of our great cities, in the character of duties
and the ends to be accomplished, bear a greater resemblance to the
Army than any one other public organization in the country, and it may
not be unfair to compare their pay, organization and administration
(in the 454 largest cities there are about 36,000 policemen). The
following represents the grades, numbers, salaries, etc., in the three
representative cities of the Republic, New York, Chicago, and San
Francisco, omitting surgeons, detectives, clerks, etc.:


                               NEW YORK

    Number      Grade                Monthly Salary
        1   Superintendent              $500.00
        1   Chief Inspector              416.66
        3   Inspectors                   291.66
       35   Captains                     229.66
      197   Sergeants                    166.66
      166   Roundsmen                    108.33
    2,548   Patrolmen--First Grade       100.00
      287   Patrolmen--Second Grade       91.66
      251   Patrolmen--Third Grade        83.33