Many of the most brilliant butterflies are so colored because they are
unpalatable, even uneatable, flaunting their warnings in the face of
the lizard, which might eat them unawares were they not so conspicuous.
They can flutter lazily about, with no attempt at concealment,
preserved by their own poison. In making the injurious butterfly
resplendent, nature saves both the butterfly and the bird which might
have gulped it down.
Others are preserved by having adopted bark-designs or leaf-color
or twig-shapes. Some even float about mimicking each other, if
advantageous to do so. Some gain protection by imitating the
brilliantly colored but uneatable butterflies for which they are
mistaken. Mimicry or warning, each protects as is most beneficial, by
concealing or making conspicuous. Seen and recognized, they are not
molested; or, hidden, they escape notice.
How varied are their habits! Poisonous ones fly slowly. Others merely
frisk about, toying with life, air, and sunlight; skirt-dancers they
are called (_megaluras_), “sown and carried away again by the light
air.” Some heavy-bodied butterflies gain protection by flight so rapid
as to make them mistaken for humming-birds. The broad, strong strokes
of the wide-winged _morphos_ float them across wide rivers. The flight
of butterflies is a biologist’s problem, as well as their colored
juices and seasonal forms.
Some, flying low, have their greatest brilliancy on the under side of
the wings; others, flying high, are dull underneath to protect them
from enemies below, as the bell-bird, whose home is in the dazzling
sunshine above the tree-tops, is made invisible to any eyes looking
upward by its snow-white plumage and transparent wings.
“Crepuscular” butterflies emerge at sunset. Such are the _caligos_,
amazing creatures equipped on the under side with an owl’s head, which
can terrify their pursuers by merely turning wrong side out. All
animals are suspicious of a strange-looking eye; and at dusk, when
the butterfly descends to the jungle pool to drink, the owl-eyes are
particularly effective. The harmless butterfly spreads the one view of
itself to the enemy which could save its life, and continues slowly to
sip the dark water.