61 Wyoming 17 2 62 Indian 25 2 Territory 63 Washington 24 1 64 Arizona 14 1 65 Idaho 19 1 66 Greece 58 0 67 Montana 10 0 68 Bosnia and 53 0 Herzegovina 69 Servia 56 0 70 Eastern 61 0 Roumelia 71 Montenegro 70 0 72 Andorra 72 0 (The United States have substantially one mile of railway to each 540 inhabitants. Europe has one mile to each 3,000 inhabitants, if Russia be included; about one mile to each 2,540, exclusive of Russia.) The materials of manufactures being all drawn from the land, and many of them from agriculture, which supplies in particular the entire material of clothing, the general law of production from the land, the law of diminishing return, must in the last resort be applicable to manufacturing as well as to agricultural history. As population increases, and the power of the land to yield increased produce is strained harder and harder, any additional supply of material, as well as of food, must be obtained by a more than proportionally increasing expenditure of labor. But the cost of the material forming generally a very small portion of the entire cost of the manufacture, the agricultural labor concerned in the production of manufactured goods is but a small fraction of the whole labor worked up in the commodity. Mr. Babbage(137) gives an interesting illustration of this principle. Bar-iron of the value of £1 became worth, when manufactured into— £ Slit-iron, for nails 1.10 Natural steel 1.42 Horseshoes 2.55 Gun-barrels, ordinary 9.10 Wood-saws 14.28 Scissors, best 446.94 Penknife-blades 657.14 Sword-handles, polished steel 972.82 It can not, however, be said of such manufactures as coarse cotton cloth, wherein the increased cost of raw cotton causes an immediate effect upon the price of the cloth, that the cost of the materials forms but a small portion of the cost of the manufacture.(138)