Progress and Achievements of the Colored People: Containing the Story of the Wonderful Advancement of the Colored Americans—the Most Marvelous in the History of Nations—Their Past Accomplishments, Together With Their Present-day Opportunities and a Glimpse Into the Future for Further Developments—the Dawn of a Triumphant Era. A Handbook for Self-improvement Which Leads to Greater Success
John Stuart Mill · en
It has been usual to speak of this enlistment in its bearings on the
progress of the war. General Grant set a high estimate upon his Negro
troops, as some of his dispatches show, and President Lincoln said:
“By arming them we have added a powerful ally. They will make good
soldiers, and taking them from the enemy weakens him in the same
proportion as they strengthen us.”
But there is another point of view, the influence of this military life
on the men who enlisted. Taken as they were at that time, especially
those who were in the camps or floating about the country, without
settled abodes or regular occupation, what could have happened more to
their advantage than to be summoned to the orderly habits and rigid
discipline of a soldier’s life. It put the Freedmen into a far more
effective school than it was possible to provide for them in the former
way.
In some of the regiments there were commanding officers of so fine a
mold that is was an inspiration to noble manhood to be under their
orders. When Governor Andrews of Massachusetts was choosing officers for
the two colored regiments that went from that State, he set it before
him to find men “of acknowledged military ability and experience, of the
highest social position if possible, and who believed in the capacity of
colored men to make good soldiers.” Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson,
of the first colored regiment mustered into service, was a man of this
order, as his illustrious life has amply shown. Colonel Robert Gould
Shaw, of the Massachusetts Fifty-fourth, not only proved his own
greatness, but his aptitude in making heroes of the men who charged with
him to their death in the storming of Fort Wagner. Another of these
commanders of Negro soldiers was General Samuel Chapman Armstrong, who
went from his honorable military service to the still larger civil
service of building up the famous industrial school at Hampton. And yet
another was Major Horace Bumstead, who was afterward president of
Atlanta University. The colonels, majors, captains and lieutenants of
the colored troops as a whole were men of no ordinary character. They
were of the sort who do not flinch from taking their stand on the side
of an unpopular cause, so it be right, and they put their best endeavor
into the training of the troops over whom they were in command. It was
an educational opportunity of no trifling significance. Two years or
more of daily drill in such a school had in it the making of manhood.