It is an undoubted fact that not enough attention is paid to isolation in times of sickness. There is too much visiting in the sick room, too many people share the care of the patient, the nurse mingles too freely with other members of the family, and there is not enough care to keep the soiled bedding, garments and refuse of the sick room absolutely separated from that of the rest of the house. Scarlet fever is a noteworthy instance of a disease which constantly spreads by carelessness. Just as long as the scaling or shedding of the outer skin continues contagion may be carried, for it is these scales which bear it. It is nothing less than criminal, therefore, to permit the patient who is recovering to mix with other persons, except those who have been caring for him already. In the early stages of the disease the infection is chiefly in the breath, and in the secretion of the nostrils. During the disease pocket handkerchiefs should never be used, soft linen or cotton rags being substituted and immediately burned. Most of the same things are true as to measles, whooping-cough, mumps and German measles, which are constantly spread by sheer carelessness because people do not realize the obligation resting upon them to guard others from contact with disease. These ailments are highly infectious before they are certainly recognized, and for that reason it is not possible always to isolate cases in time, but at least after the fact is clearly understood there should be no further carelessness. Another prevalent disease in which carelessness is responsible for much of its spreading is tuberculosis, phthisis, or consumption, as it is more familiarly known. It is not possible yet to isolate every person suffering with this insidious disease, nor is that suggested. But at least it may be urged that every such sufferer shall thoughtfully guard in every way in his power against communicating it to his own neighbors and family. The bacilli, or bacteria, of consumption swarm in the spittle of the patient, and are diffused by the wind as dust as soon as they are dried. To guard against infection from this cause, spittoons should be used, which can be absolutely disinfected, or cloths which can be promptly burned. Smallpox is perhaps the most infectious of diseases. Yet in vaccination we have a means of protection which we have not in any other. As long as a large unvaccinated population exists, however, we shall have epidemics from time to time. Before the introduction of vaccination nearly everyone had smallpox, just as now almost all persons have measles at some time or other. The heaviest mortality occurred within the first five or ten years of life, the deaths in later periods being very few, since the population had mostly been rendered immune by having had it already.