The History of Chivalry; Or, Knighthood and Its Times, Volume 2 (of 2)
John Stuart Mill · en
The humanities of chivalry were not limited to toleration or mercy, to the
mosque or the field of battle, but Moors and Christians often lived in the
same town, and commingled social charities. Friendships were formed, and,
maugre the declamation of bigots, dearer affections attached the two
nations. The knight was in consequence of the obligations of his chivalry
the friend of the distressed; and when beauty pleaded, his heart forbad
him from enquiring in what religion the damsel had been educated. The
passion of love in the breast of the Spanish cavalier was not more fervid
or intense than in the breast of the cavalier of any other country. If the
Spaniard be considered as a Goth by birth, and an Arab by education, still
his natural and artificial circumstances formed but the same character of
passion; for both the Goth and the Arab adored as well as loved their
mistress, and regarded her as a divinity as well as an object of
affection.
[Sidenote: Peculiarities of Spanish chivalry.]
There was a gravity, perhaps a jealousy, both qualities of Oriental
origin, about the conduct of the Spanish knight, which were foreign to the
nature of the chivalry of other countries. The expression of his feelings
was unlike theirs. Bold metaphors, rich and varied imagery and glowing
sentiments, are mixed with the simple developement of passion; and these
orientalisms of his verse are not the elaborate and artificial ornaments
with which fiction dresses up her image of passion: but as the mind of the
Spaniard had been trained by the Arab, it became natural to him to nourish
his affection in the splendid dreamings of the East. If he borrowed ideas
and fancies from the Moor, it must be remembered that he likewise freely
communicated the character of his own system. In no Mohammedan country
was woman so high in moral rank as in Spain. The Musulman woman was not
passion's object, but, like the lady in chivalry, she was the origin of
honour; for she sat in the tournament as the judge of valour, and the
Moorish knight received the guerdon of triumph from her hands. Asiatic
jealousy abated something of its nature and its forms in Spain; for there
woman mingled with man in social intercourse, and her beauties were not
always shrouded by a veil.[176]
[Sidenote: Forms of knighthood.]