Always = echung. Perhaps = kanyu.
Formerly = nkolo. Probably = kache.
By day = engilo. In this way = heto.
Last night = nsamo. In that way = chito.
To-night = osamo. On the right = amymwe.
To-day = nching. On the left = aiyiwe.
To-morrow = ochü. Ahead = ovungwe.
Yesterday = nchü. Behind = silamwe.
Now = nthanga. There = ochi.
Suddenly = ekhiapa. Here = hello.
[Postpositions.] Several have been noted in connection with the verb.
Examples of others are as follow:—
Among = onungo. Towards = we.
Below = okapi. With = pana.
Between = yite. Near = nthango.
From, with = theni. In front of = mhatungi.
Syntax.
In a simple sentence the subject comes first and the verb last, with
the object between them.
Ana otsi tsoka.
I rice will eat.
Adverbs usually come first.
Ochü ana otsi tsoka.
To-morrow I rice will eat.
Interrogative adverbs, however, often follow the subject.
Chongsemo kothang rov?
Chongsemo when will come?
Possessive nouns and pronouns precede the thing possessed, but
adjectives follow the noun they qualify.
Ana Chongsemo ’tsi mhōna tsoka.
I Chongsemo’s rice good will eat.
In compound sentences the principal clause stands last.
Ochi nyanya vāna ana ntsiala.
There a goat is I know.
In reporting the words of a third person the actual words spoken are
placed with the particle to immediately in front of the principal verb.
Thus “Chongsemo said he would go” would be in Lhota—
Chongsemona ana wov to ezocho.
Chongsemo I will go thus said.
If the actual words of the speaker are not used the indirect discourse
is placed after the principal clause and its verb takes the affix
-lato.
Chongsemona ezocho omona wolato.
Chongsemo said he would go.
[Specimens.] The following specimens of the language with
literal translations will serve to illustrate the grammar and syntax.
I.—The Story of the Cuckoo and the Crow.
Păngpăng-to nā kāshāk-to ōni ōkămo tscōtācho. Ole
cuckoo and crow they-two friends became. Then
pangpang-chi-na kashak-chi ēzōchō “Ā-kăm, nnā-hā ōnyu-shi-ki
cuckoo-that (to) crow-that said “my-friend, you-too gum-this-with
mhōna ā-rānīke ana-ha onyu-shi-ki mhona i-ranika.” to
well me-ornamenting I-too gum-this-with well you-will ornament.”
thus
ezoa mhona eranitokcho. Chi-silōcho kashak-chi-na
having said well made him ornament. That-after crow-that