The ministry of Lord Liverpool, though ultra-Tory, was nevertheless
embarrassed by the course of affairs. On June twentieth the premier
wrote to Castlereagh that he wished Napoleon had been captured by
Louis XVIII, and executed as a rebel. This amazing suggestion was the
result of the progress made within a year by the doctrine of
legitimacy. Although Talleyrand had observed the Hundred Days from the
safe seclusion of Carlsbad, and was coldly received by his
"legitimate" sovereign when he returned to Paris under Wellington's
aegis, yet there was no one equally able to restore a "legitimate"
government, and, with the aid of Wellington, who assumed without
question the chief place in reconstructing France, he was soon in full
activity. In strict logic, the allies reasoned that Napoleon was their
common prisoner, and, as the chief malefactor, he should meet the fate
which was to be Ney's, and later that of Murat. By long familiarity
with such notions, the Czar had finally been converted to the once
abhorrent idea of legitimacy, and was hatching the scheme of the Holy
Alliance; even he would have made no objection. But English opinion,
however irritated, would not tolerate the idea of death as a penalty
for political offenses. Whatever ministers felt or said, they dared
consider no alternative in dealing with Napoleon except that of
imprisonment. Accordingly, St. Helena, the spot suggested at Vienna as
being the most remote in the habitable world, was designated and the
island was borrowed from the East India Company. Acts of Parliament
were passed which established a special government for it, and cut it
off from all outside communication, "for the better detaining in
custody Napoleon Bonaparte." The Continental allies, therefore, on
August second, declared the sometime Emperor to be their common
prisoner. To England they yielded the right to determine his place of
detention, but to each of themselves--Austria, Russia, and
Prussia--was reserved the right of sending thither a commissioner who
should determine the fact of actual imprisonment.