The Old Red Sandstone; or, New Walks in an Old Field — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The Old Red Sandstone; or, New Walks in an Old Field
John Stuart Mill · en
I commenced forming a small collection, and set myself carefully to
examine the neighboring rocks for organisms of a similar character.
The eye becomes practised in such researches, and my labors were soon
repaid. Directly above the little bay there is a corn-field, and
beyond the field a wood of forest trees; and in this wood, in the
bottom of a water-course, scooped out of the rock through a bed of
peat, I found the stratified clay charged with scales. A few hundred
yards farther to the west there is a deep, wooded ravine cut through
a thick bed of red diluvial clay. The top of the bank directly
above is occupied by the ruins of an ancient chapel, and a group of
moss-grown tombstones; and in the gorge of this ravine, underlying
the little field of graves by about sixty feet, I discovered a still
more ancient place of sepulture--that of the ichthyolites. I explored
every bank, rock, and ravine on the northern or Cromarty Frith side
of the tongue of land, with its terminal point of granitic gneiss, to
which I have had such frequent occasion to refer, and then turned to
explore the southern, or Moray Frith side, in the rectilinear line
of the great valley. And here I was successful on a larger scale. A
range of lofty sandstone cliffs, hollowed by the sea, extends for
a distance of about two miles between two of the granitic knobs
or wedges of the line--the Southern Sutor and the hill of Eathie.
And along well nigh the entire length of this range of cliffs, I
succeeded in tracing a continuous ichthyolite bed, abounding in
remains, and lying far below the Lias, and unconformable to it. I
pursued my researches, and in the sides of a romantic precipitous
dell, through which the Burn of Eathie--a small, mossy stream--finds
its way to the Moray Frith, I again discovered the fish-beds running
deep into the interior of the country, with immense strata of a pale
yellow sandstone resting over them, and strata of a chocolate red
lying below. But their place in the geological scale was still to fix.