The Panama Canal: A history and description of the enterprise
John Stuart Mill · en
A graphic and representative picture of one of the construction
settlements along the canal was given by the correspondent of _The
Times_ at Panama.[13] He chose "Emperador," or "Empire," as the typical
village. This is the headquarters of the central division of the
construction work, and is situated about halfway along the great
Culebra Cut. The correspondent writes:--
According to the census just completed, it contains 7,152
inhabitants, of whom 1,757 are whites, 3,701 negroes, 1,569
mestizos, 101 Chinese, and 24 East Indians. North of the
main street is a section called the "native town,"
apparently because it is inhabited by natives of other
countries than Panama, but really because here was situated
the native hamlet alongside which the French built their
construction camp in 1881. It is occupied by the part of the
population not employed by the government, and here are the
American saloons, the Spanish _cantinas_ and restaurants,
Chinese shops, East Indian fancy-work shops, and negro
tailoring and shoemaking places. On the south side of the
American settlement are the labour "camps," consisting of
barracks and eating-places. All the buildings are of wood,
constructed to last not over ten years; and none are large,
excepting the administration buildings and the club-house.
On three sides of the village are the huts of the labourers
who prefer the half-jungle life with its freedom; and here,
with discomfort and squalor and liberty, is the only
picturesque part of the settlement; all else is orderly, of
one pattern, almost smug. On the fourth side the village is
limited by the canal itself.
In the centre of the village is the commissariat, where the
canal and railroad workers buy their food and clothing. Here
congregate every morning the housewives of the village to do
their shopping, and at night, after work, the men, to
complete the family purchases. There is a similar store in
each canal village--eighteen in all. The commissariat does
away with the middleman's profit and buys in such large
quantities, and for cash, that it obtains the lowest prices,
while the many ways in which the materials purchased can be
used prevent waste. If there is cause for complaint on the
part of any class in the canal workers, that class is the
bachelors, for they are discriminated against in the matter
of quarters. But good provision is made for their meals, at
the so-called "hotels" for the white employees, and the
messes and kitchens for Spanish and negro labourers.