The reason why : $b a careful collection of many hundreds of reasons for things which, though generally believed, are imperfectly understood. A book of condensed scientific knowledge for the million
John Stuart Mill · en
The church alluded to was St. George's church, Leicester, a new
edifice, which was completely destroyed on the 1st of August,
1846, by a thunder-storm. The steeple was rent asunder, and
massive stones were hurled to a distance of thirty feet. The
vane rod and top part of the spire fell down perpendicularly and
carried with it all the floors of the tower. A similar disaster
occurred to St. Bride's church, Fleet-street, London, about 100
years ago. The lightning first struck upon the metal vane of the
steeple, and then ran down the rod and attacked the iron cramps,
smashing the large stones that lay between them. The church was
nearly destroyed. By the same wonderful force, ships have been
disabled, trees split asunder, houses thrown down, and animals
struck dead.
596. _Why is it dangerous to stand near a tree during an electric
storm?_
Because the tree is a _better conductor than air_, and electricity
would probably strike the tree, and then pass to the person standing
near.
597. _If trees are good conductors, why do they not convey the
electricity to the ground?_
Trees are only _indifferent conductors_, and the electricity would quit
the tree to pass through any _better conductor_.
598. _Why is it dangerous to sit near a fire during an electric storm?_
Because the chimney, being _a tall object_, and smoke a _good
conductor_, would probably attract the electricity, and convey it to
the body of a person sitting near the fire.
599. _Why is it dangerous to be near water during an electric storm?_
Because water is a _good conductor_, and the vapour arising from it
might attract the electricity. Man, _being elevated over the water_,
might form the first point attacked by the electricity.
600. _Are iron houses dangerous during an electric storm?_
No; they are _very safe_, because their entire surface is a good
conductor, and would convey the electricity harmlessly to the earth.
[Verse: "To him that rideth upon the heavens of heavens, which
were of old; lo, he doth send out his voice, and that a mighty
voice."--PSALM LXVIII.]
601. _Why does electricity seize upon bell wires and iron fastenings?_
Because copper wires are the _very best_ conductors of electricity; and
iron articles are also good conductors.
602. _Supposing electricity to attack a bell wire, where would the
point of danger exist?_
At the _extremities of the wire_, where the conducting power of the
wire would cease, and the electricity would seek to find _another
conductor_.
603. _Are umbrellas, with steel frames, dangerous in an electric storm?_
They are dangerous _in some degree_, because they might convey
electricity to the hand, and then transfer it to the body. But,
generally speaking, when it rains, the rain itself, _being a good
conductor_, relieves the disturbance of electricity by conveying it to
the ground.
604. _Are iron bedsteads dangerous in electric storms?_