The reason why : $b a careful collection of many hundreds of reasons for things which, though generally believed, are imperfectly understood. A book of condensed scientific knowledge for the million — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The reason why : $b a careful collection of many hundreds of reasons for things which, though generally believed, are imperfectly understood. A book of condensed scientific knowledge for the million
John Stuart Mill · en
The dew-drop is a very good imitation of a diamond, and to the
lover of God's works, quite as precious as the stone set in gold.
It does not consist of carbon--it probably may have a mite of
carbonic acid in its embrace--but that is not necessary to our
purpose: all we want to know is, _the different atomic conditions_
of which bodies are susceptible, and the very dissimilar
appearances they exhibit under the variations of atomic states. It
doesn't glisten so much as the diamond, _because it is round_--if
we could cut it into a number of _facets_, it would refract light
almost as perfectly as the diamond. It is not _solid_--but we
can freeze it, and we shall at once exhibit two different atomic
conditions, that will represent nearly enough the diamond, and
the liquid carbonic acid. Then, if we evaporate the dew-drop, we
shall produce a volume of vapour nearly _two thousand times as
large as the dew-drop_. The steam will be white; but we have only
to imagine it black, and then we get an analogy of the differences
of the atomic conditions that prevail in _the diamond_, _carbonic
acid_, and _charcoal_, _tinder_, _lamp-black_, or any light form
of carbon. Of course we have been illustrating _atomic conditions
only_, and not chemical composition.
There are a few other facts connected with carbon that merit
consideration. Carbonic acid gas, _entering the lungs_, is a
_deadly poison_; but _entering the stomach_, which lies close
under the lungs, and is over-lapped by them, it is a _refreshing
beverage_. Although charcoal, when burnt, gives off the most
poisonous gas, it seems to be very jealous of other gaseous
poisons; for if it be powdered, and set about in pans where there
is a poisonous atmosphere, it will seize hold of poisonous gases,
and, by absorbing, imprison them. Even in a drop of toast and
water, the charred bread seizes hold of whatever impurities exist
in the water; and water passed through beds of charcoal, becomes
filtered, and made beautifully pure, being compelled to give up
to the charcoal whatever is obnoxious. If a piece of meat that
has already commenced putrifying, be sprinkled with charcoal, it
will not only object to the meat putrifying any further, but it
will _sweeten that which has already undergone putrefaction_.
Although, in the form of gas, it will poison the blood, and cause
speedy stupefaction and death; if it be powdered, and stitched
into a piece of silk, and worn before the mouth as a respirator,
it will say to all poisonous gases that come to the mouth with the
air, "I have taken this post to defend the lungs, and I arrest
you, on a charge of murderous intention." Such are the various
facts connected with carbon; and they forcibly indicate that those