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John Stuart Mill · en
With regard to the mechanism of motion, let us take the case of
a man who is walking a crowded thoroughfare, and we shall see
how active are all the servants of the Soul, under the influence
of the mind. He walks along in a given direction. But for the
act of volition in the mind, not a muscle would stir. The eye
is watching his footsteps. There is a stone in his path, the
eye informs the mind, the mind communicates with the brain, and
the nerves stimulate the muscles of the leg to lift the foot a
little higher, or turn it on one side, and the stone is avoided.
The eye alights on a familiar face, and the mind remembers that
the eye has seen that face before. The man goes on thinking of
the circumstance under which he saw that person, and partially
forgets his walk, and the direction of his steps. But the nerves
of volition and motion unite to keep the muscles up to their work,
and he walks on without having occasion to think continually,
"I must continue walking." He has not to make an effort to lift
his leg along between each interval of meditation; he walks and
meditates the while. Presently a danger approaches him from
behind. The eye sees it not--knows no more, in fact, than if it
were dead. But the ear sounds the alarm, tells the man, by the
rumbling of a wheel, and the tramp of horses' feet, that he is in
danger; and then the nerves, putting forth their utmost strength,
whip the muscles up to the quick performance of their duty; the
man steps out of the way of danger, and is saved. He draws near
to a sewer, which is vomiting forth its poisonous exhalations.
The eye is again unconscious--it cannot see the poison lurking in
the air. The ear, too, is helpless; it cannot bear witness to the
presence of that enemy to life. But the nose detects the noxious
agent, and then the eye points out the direction of the sewer, and
guides his footsteps to a path where he may escape the injurious
consequences. A clock strikes, the ear informs him that it is the
hour of an appointment; the nerves stimulate the muscles again,
and he is hastened onward. He does not know the residence of his
friend, but his tongue asks for him, and his ear makes known the
reply. He reaches the spot--sits--rests. The action of the muscles
is stayed; the nerves are for a time at rest. The blood which
had flown freely to feed the muscles while they were working,
goes more steadily through the arteries and veins, and the lungs,
which had been purifying the blood in its course, partake of the
temporary rest.
[Verse: "I am but a little child: I know not how to go out or come
in."--I KINGS III.]