Because, within that blossom the pea is formed, and the shape of the blossom is exactly suited to that of the pea which is formed therein. The blossom is itself protected by external petals; and when the wind blows, and threatens to destroy the parts upon which the seeds depend, the plants _turn their backs to the wind_, and shelter the seed. [Verse: "The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life; and he that winneth souls is wise."--PROVERBS XI.] 1171. _Why are the leaf buds enclosed in scales which fall off as the leaf opens?_ Because the scales _serve as a shelter_ to the tender structure of the young leaf. The scales are rudimentary leaves, formed at the end of the previous season, and which, being undeveloped then, serve to guard the young leaves of the future year. In trees, especially those which are natives of colder climates, this point is taken up earlier. Many of these trees (observe in particular the _ash_ and the _horse-chestnut_) produce the embryos of the leaves and flowers in one year, and bring them to perfection the following. There is a winter therefore to be gotten over. Now what we are to remark is, how nature has prepared for the trials and severities of that season. These tender embryos are, in the first place wrapped up with a compactness, which no art can imitate; in which state they compose what we call the bud. This is not all. The bud itself is enclosed in scales; which scales are formed from the remains of past leaves, and the rudiments of future ones. Neither is this the whole. In the coldest climates, a third preservative is added, by the bud having a _coat_ of gum or resin, which, being congealed, resists the strongest frosts. On the approach of warm weather this gum is softened, and ceases to be an hindrance to the expansion of the leaves and flowers. All this care is part of that system of provisions which has for its object and consummation, the production and perfecting of the seeds.--_Paley._ 1172. _Why are the seeds of many plants enclosed in a rich juice, or pulp?_ Because the matter by which the seed is surrounded, as well as being intended for the _nourishment and care of the seed_, is designed for the use of man and of animals, by whom the seed is set free to take its place in the earth. By virtue of this process, so necessary, but so diversified, we have the seed, at length, in stone-fruits and nuts, incased in a strong shell, the shell itself enclosed in a pulp or husk, by which the seed within is, or hath been, fed; or, more generally (as in grapes, oranges, and the numerous kinds of berries), plunged overhead in a glutinous syrup, contained within a skin or bladder; at other times (as in apples and pears) embedded in the heart of a firm fleshy substance; or (as in strawberries) pricked into the surface of a soft pulp.