That Juvenal came to Rome about A.D. 90 has been shown above. This step he may have taken to forward his promotion in the army and afterwards in the procuratorial service. His failure in this direction may have led to his pessimism. His friendship with Martial (whom, however, he does not mention) is shown by Mart. vii. 24 (cf. vii. 91), 'Cum Iuvenale meo quae me committere temptas, quid non audebis, perfida lingua, loqui?' etc. That he was still in Rome in B.C. 101, and had the entrée of the atria of rich nobles is shown by Mart. xii. 18, written in that year. 'Dum tu forsitan inquietus erras clamosa, Iuvenalis, in Subura aut collem dominae teris Dianae, dura per limina te potentiorum sudatrix toga ventilat vagumque maior Caelius et minor fatigant, me multos repetita post Decembres accepit mea rusticumque fecit auro Bilbilis et superba ferro.' From this we see that he lived in the Subura, the plebeian quarter. Cf. 3, 5, 'ego vel Prochytam praepono Suburae.' While in Rome he still possessed his land at Aquinum and also a property at Tibur; 11, 65, 'de Tiburtino veniet pinguissimus agro haedulus.' The statement of the _vitae_ that Juvenal studied rhetoric till middle life is, as already stated, improbable, as being inconsistent with his military and municipal career; 'facundus,' applied to him by Mart. vii. 91, 1, does not mean 'declaiming,' but 'poetical' or 'oratorical.' _Vitae_ i. _a_ and _b_ (and other seven) say, 'ad mediam fere aetatem declamavit animi magis causa quam quod scholae se aut foro praepararet.' _Juvenal's literary life._--In the MSS. the satires are divided into Books, and the division seems ancient. Book i. includes _Sat._ 1-5; Book ii. = _Sat._ 6; Book iii. = _Sat._ 7-9; Book iv. = _Sat._ 10-12; Book v. = _Sat._ 13-16. Book i. was written under Trajan; certainly after A.D. 100, the date of the trial of Marius Priscus [102]; 1, 49, 'exul ab octava Marius bibit et fruitur dis iratis.' Book ii. not earlier than A.D. 116. It is highly probable that 6, 407, 'instantem regi Armenio Parthoque cometen,' refers to a comet seen at Rome in November A.D. 115; and 6, 411, 'nutare urbes, subsidere terras,' to the earthquake at Antioch, 13th December, A.D. 115. Book iii., probably about A.D. 120, was written under Hadrian, who is eulogized in 7, 1-35. Dürr thinks it probable that 7, 36-243, was written under Trajan, and that the introduction, in praise of Hadrian, was written afterwards. This is also Friedländer's view; cf. l. 1, 'Et spes et ratio studiorum in Caesare tantum,' with Spart. _vit. Hadr._ 14, 8, 'poematum studiosissimus.' This also supports the view that the introduction was written not long after Hadrian's accession, when a new era for poets was supposed to be beginning. Book iv. was probably written about A.D. 125. Book v. A clue to the date is found in 13, 16-7, 'Stupet haec, qui iam post terga reliquit sexaginta annos, Fonteio consule natus.'