2. _Bellum Iugurthinum_. (So in MSS. and Quint. iii. 8, 9.) _Iug._ 5, 'Bellum scripturus sum, quod populus Romanus cum Iugurtha rege Numidarum gessit, primum quia magnum et atrox variaque victoria fuit, dehinc quia tunc primum superbiae nobilitatis obviam itum est.' The object of the book is to give a picture of the low state of the oligarchical government (cf. _Iug._ 8, 'Romae omnia venalia esse'), and to glorify Marius, the chief of the democratic party. Of his sources, Sallust mentions Sisenna (_Iug._ 95) for information about Sulla, and native authorities for African ethnography. _Iug._ 17, 'Sed qui mortales initio Africam habuerint, quique postea adcesserint, aut quo modo inter se permixti sint ... uti ex libris Punicis, qui regis Hiempsalis dicebantur, interpretatum nobis est ... dicam.' Sallust probably also used the memoirs of Scaurus, Sulla, and Catulus. 3. _Historiae_.--This work dealt with the events from B.C. 78 to 67. Cf. Ausonius, p. 264 (ed. Peiper), 'Ab Lepido et Catulo iam res et tempora Romae orsus his senos seriem conecto per annos.' There is no reference in the fragments to any event after B.C. 67. The book took up the history where Sisenna had left off, B.C. 78. Cf. i. _frag._ 1 (ed. Maurenbrecher), 'Res populi Romani M. Lepido Q. Catulo coss. ac deinde militiae et domi gestas composui.' Four speeches and two letters from the _Histories_ have been preserved in a collection of Sallustian speeches and letters made for rhetorical purposes, probably in the second century A.D. Besides these there are considerable fragments, chiefly from Books ii. and iii. We may conclude from _Iug._ 95, 'neque enim alio loco de Sullae rebus dicturi sumus,' that the career of Sulla was not treated of in the _Histories_. He is, however, repeatedly mentioned. Two works are falsely attributed to Sallust: 1. _Oratio invectiva in Tullium_, composed, along with an _Oratio invectiva in Sallustium_ falsely ascribed to Cicero, by the same ancient rhetorician. The _Or. in Tull._ is quoted by Quintilian, if the MSS. are right, _e.g._ iv. 1, 68. 2. An oration and an epistle _ad Caesarem senem de re publica_, both probably belonging to the imperial period. _Sallust as a historian._--1. He departed from the annalistic arrangement, and took a broader view of his subject, endeavouring to connect events together, and to trace the motives of actions. 2. He shows a want of precision in his facts. Instead of giving dates, he often says vaguely _interea_; _isdem temporibus_; _dum haec aguntur_. One year in the Jugurthine war is left unaccounted for, and Marius is represented as consul in B.C. 105. So in geography and ethnography (as in the _Iugurtha_) he is not to be trusted. In _Iug._ 21 he forgets that Cirta is fifty miles from the sea, and that city is besieged in the usual way, though surrounded on three sides by gorges. He prides himself on his impartiality.