The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
The entire work of the Professional Training Class is, in reality,
preparation for practice teaching,--preparation in knowledge, theory
and methods.
The course of work for the Training Class includes the following
subjects:
1. Psychology, pedagogics, the history of education and methods of
teaching.
2. Science in primary and grammar schools.
3. Geography with modelling, painting, drawing and chalk modelling as
means of geographical study.
4. History and literature.
5. Mathematics; number, arithmetic, form and geometry.
6. Art, including modelling, painting and drawing.
7. Physical training, elocution, the Delsarte system of expression
and vocal music.
8. Manual training, paste-board and wood sloyd and construction of
apparatus for science teaching.
The special teacher at the head of each department presents the
conditions for the knowledge needed for teaching his or her subject,
and decides whether the pupil-teacher has the requisite knowledge and
skill to prepare a plan for teaching.
The special teacher also teaches the principles and methods of his
subject, and supervises the practice-work in his department throughout
all the grades.
The practice teaching is divided into ten periods for one year, one
period continuing for one month.
Each pupil-teacher is required to prepare one plan for teaching, each
month, upon a subject selected by the critic teacher, under whose
direct supervision the pupil-teacher is to work. This plan must be
approved by the critic teacher, and also by the special teacher in
charge of the subject taught, before the one who prepares the plan is
permitted to teach.
Each month, certain group, section and division leaders are transferred
from grade to grade in order that every pupil who has requisite ability
and skill may teach in the eight grades during the course.
Whenever a pupil-teacher has reached the rank of special assistant, he
or she is sent out to the county schools to act as substitute[8] upon
the order of the County Superintendent.
The course of study followed in the school is the application of a
doctrine or theory of education, called the Theory of Concentration.
Upon this theory it was my privilege to hear Colonel Parker lecture
from time to time, and the following is a short synopsis of his
lectures as drawn up by himself.
“In this theory, the subjects of thought and study are the natural
sciences, geography and history. The unity of these subjects is found
in the study of life--the laws of life--and the laws which support life.
“The laws of life enter into the child through education, and become
the essentials in his intellectual and moral character.
“Form, geometry, number and arithmetic are the indispensable means
for the study and investigation of the laws of the universe acting
through matter; therefore form and number must be studied in order to
understand any and all subjects of thought.