The training of teachers in the United States of America — John Stuart Mill — John Shaqi
The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
The practice department of the Teachers’ College is one of its most
important features, for a fundamental assumption is that practice
is the key-note of all training, that no one can consider himself
trained who has not taught, and that the future teacher must observe
good teaching, and must teach under normal conditions. The Horace
Mann School for the observation and practice of the students of the
Teachers’ College comprises kindergarten, primary, grammar and high
school grades. The heads of departments arrange the teaching of the
students, and great care is exercised in keeping the school efficient,
as the observation of good teaching is considered only second in
importance to actual practice.
I heard a botany lesson in the practising school, given by the
instructor in methods of botany. The class, numbering about twelve
children, of about ten years of age, was furnished with lenses, and
needles, and a plentiful supply of flowers. Each child was required to
see and examine all the flowers that were given to him, to describe
carefully and exactly what he had observed, and to take nothing for
granted. The methods adopted were such as to make the children original
investigators, and the attitude of the teacher towards her subject was
such as to develop a spirit of reverence in the children, and to arouse
an interest æsthetic as well as scientific. No technical terms were
used in descriptions. The botany lessons are adapted to the different
seasons of the year. For example, the scheme of work for the Autumn
term is:--
Autumn Flowers.
How differing from Spring flowers in
Colour.
Size.
Growth.
Autumn Fruits.
Their growth.
” parts.
” use to man.
” use to animals.
Study of Seeds.
Growth.
Methods of Distribution.
{ Food.
Uses for { Oil.
{ Medicine.
Grain and harvesting.
Observation of Trees.
Falling of leaves.
Colours ” ”
Leaf-buds.
Deciduous trees.
Evergreen trees.
Preparation for winter by plants.
Seeds.
Buds.
Leaves.
The herbarium is not much used, but in autumn each child and student
brings a specimen of one tree or plant. All the specimens are kept and
are used for the study of seeds during the winter. Twigs are brought
into the school-room and made to grow in water, seeds are grown in
shavings, and plants of all kinds are watched during the year.