The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
The work in geology is a special feature of the practising school.
Courses of work have been adapted by the head of department to the
lowest grades of the grammar school--viz., to children about nine
years old. The work is closely connected with the geography teaching,
and children are encouraged to collect specimens of different kinds
of building stone they see, or to bring any other specimens of rock
or minerals. Trays of quartz, felspar and mica are provided for each
child, for beginning practical work in geology. After examination of
these minerals, granite is studied, and afterwards gneiss, as leading
the way to the general history of rocks. Slag structures are given for
examination, as specimens to illustrate the effects of heat. Artificial
geodes and lavas are also studied, when connecting the history of rocks
with their structure. Students who are preparing to become specialist
teachers in geology have special work with the children. They prepare
lessons under the guidance of the teacher--submitting written notes
of the subject matter, but talking over with their head of department
the proposed methods of dealing with the facts. They have also special
laboratory work, in constructing simple apparatus, and making maps,
charts and drawings.
The physiology lesson I heard was given to a high school class, by the
director of the department of physiology. It was a revision lesson,
conducted with the special object of making the class discover the
general position of Man in the Animal Kingdom. The particular features
I noticed about the lesson were:--
(i.) No technical terms were used in description, if the required
meaning could be expressed in ordinary language.
(ii.) Any difficulty as regards animal structure which arose during
the process of classification was settled by actual reference to the
museum specimen at hand. The doubt as to whether a fish might be
said to have a brain was settled by inspection of a haddock’s brain,
brought from the museum.
(iii.) Great care was exercised by the teacher in order to prevent
hasty or incorrect inferences being drawn.
(iv.) There was constant reference to text-books. The pupils had been
taught to use a reference library.