The training of teachers in the United States of America
John Stuart Mill · en
Daily work began with exercises in which the whole school took part.
The singing of a hymn afforded an opportunity for a singing lesson
being given to the whole school, the principal acting as instructor.
Then came the reading of Holy Scripture, or of selections from
literature, and a short discourse by the principal, after which
students were called upon to give quotations from the works of famous
men and women, or to recite short poems which had been previously
prepared. At the end of these public exercises, the students were
required to dismiss according to word of command, to turn, march to
music, and to drill as a class of children would have been required to
do. This was intended to teach the students how to dismiss and drill a
school or class.
Lessons in psychology were given by the principal. The treatment of the
subject was necessarily very elementary, and, indeed, superficial. I
noticed that the teacher constantly digressed on practical points, and
seemed to know exactly when digression would be of advantage to his
pupils.
Daily lessons on “Experiments” were also given. These were talks on
some of the most elementary principles of science, and easy experiments
showing how such principles might be illustrated in class. Capillary
attraction was illustrated in a lesson I heard, and its bearing on
everyday life was shown. Pupils were required to come out of their
seats, and to arrange simple apparatus before the class. As they were
quite unaccustomed to manipulate even the simplest materials, they
seemed to find considerable difficulty even in drawing out glass tubing
and clamping together glass plates.
The feature of the school, perhaps, the most interesting, was the
anxiety shown by these rural teachers to lose no opportunity for
improvement, and the keenness with which they followed their daily
lessons. Some of them were so untrained as to find great difficulty
in following the word of command during drill, but these, who were
painfully conscious of their defects, made rapid progress even in a
week’s time. Summer Schools like that of Benton Harbour may give real
help to the ill-prepared and untrained country teachers, in increasing
their knowledge, and widening their interests. They offer advantages
to those who have no opportunity for training, but their conditions
are such as to prevent their becoming an adequate substitute for
it. Indeed, their very existence acknowledges the fact that country
teachers have no opportunities for preparation, and in itself sanctions
a certain amount of superficiality.