The Women's Victory—and After: Personal Reminiscences, 1911-1918
John Stuart Mill · en
In the passing by the Government of their Sex Disqualification Removal
Act more has been done than we ventured to ask for in the sixth item
on our programme—not a bad harvest for one Session, when we remember
the twelve years' work necessary to get the Midwives Bill of 1902
passed into law, or the thirty-two years' hard labour before a Nurse's
Registration Bill was turned into an Act.
I do not propose in this brief chronicle to enter into a detailed
description of the differences between the Government Bill and the
Women's Emancipation Bill introduced by the Labour Party, and carried
through all its stages in the House of Commons, notwithstanding
Government opposition. The Labour Party's Bill after this triumph was
torpedoed in the House of Lords, and the Government Bill was pushed
forward in its place, and eventually carried into law. The Bill of the
Labour Party was much more comprehensive and sweeping; it did what
it professed to do, and removed completely every legal inequality
between men and women, including placing women on the parliamentary
register on the same terms as men. This was probably the reason why
the Government objected to its passing into law, and got it defeated
in the House of Lords. For, according to all precedent, a large
extension of the electorate should be followed as soon as possible by
a General Election; and it is not very wonderful that the Government
did not desire this under present circumstances, and while the new
Parliament had been less than a year in existence. In some respects the
Government Bill goes beyond No. 6 in the demands of the N.U.S.E.C. It
opens to women, whether married or unmarried, the duty, within certain
limits, of sitting on juries and acting as magistrates. It makes it
clear to the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge that they have the
power, when they choose to use it, of admitting women to membership.
It opens the legal profession to women. But its most disappointing
provision relates to the entry of women in the Civil Service. It opens
the Civil Service to them, but with certain restrictions. It does not
proceed on the lines of the Government promise of November, 1918, "_to
remove all existing inequalities in the law between men and women_."
The Government reserve for themselves the right in this matter to
proceed by Orders in Council. It is true the Solicitor-General said
in the House on October 28th, 1919, that he wanted to "have the power
to differentiate somewhat in favour of women in order to give them a
better and more equal opportunity than they have at the present time."
We are frankly suspicious of these offers of something better than
equality. Equality before the law is a hundred times more stable
guarantee for justice than favouritism. Women over and over again have
said they are not out for privilege, but for equality of opportunity.
Major Hills, who was in charge of the amendments to the Bill promoted
by the women's societies, said with brutal frankness that the meaning