"And because it needeth height, it needeth stairs and contradiction between stairs, and those who can climb! to rise striveth life, and in rising to surpass itself! "Verily, he who here towered aloft his thought in stone knew as well as the wisest ones about the secret of life! "That there is struggle and inequality even in beauty and war for power and supremacy: that doth he here teach us in the plainest parable. "Thus spake Zarathustra."[78] [39] I am quite willing with Mr. Gardner to acknowledge the superiority of the latter over the former. See _Handbook to Greek Sculpture_, p. 216 _et seq._ [40] _Encyclopædia Britannica_ (9th Edition), Article, "Egypt." [41] See Dr. Petrie, _A History of Egypt_. On page 54 of this book, the author says, speaking of King Khephrën: "It is a marvel of art; the precision of the expression combining what a man should be to win our feelings, and what a King should be to command our regard. The subtlety shown in this combination of expression--the ingenuity in the over-shadowing hawk, which does not interfere with the front view; the technical ability in executing this in so resisting a material--all unite in fixing our regard on this as one of the leading examples of ancient art." [42] Georges Perrot and Charles Chipiez, _A History of Art in Ancient Egypt_, Vol. II, p. 239: "The true originality of the Egyptian style consists in its deliberately epitomizing that upon which the artists of other countries have elaborately dwelt--in its lavishing all its executive powers upon chief masses and leading lines, and in the marvellous judgment with which it seizes their real meaning, their proportion, and the sources of their artistic effect." [43] _A History of Egypt_, by Dr. Henry Brugsch-Bey, Vol. I, p. 7: "Although in so long a space of time as sixty centuries, events and revolutions of great historical importance must of necessity have altered the political state of Egypt, yet, notwithstanding all, the old Egyptian race has undergone but little change; for it still preserves to this day those distinctive features of physiognomy, and those peculiarities of manners and customs, which have been handed down to us by the united testimony of the monuments and the accounts of the ancient classical writers, as the hereditary characteristics of this people." [44] _The Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians_, Vol. I, p. 293.