Puzzled, in some degree, Plato seems to remain, not merely in regard to
the higher love and the lower, Aphrodite Urania and Aphrodite Pandemus,
as he distinguishes them in the Symposium; nor merely with the
difficulty of arbitrating between some inward beauty, and that which is
outward; with the odd mixture everywhere, save in its still
unapprehended but eternal essence, of the beautiful with what is
otherwise; but he is yet more harassed by the experience (it is in this
shape that the world-old puzzle of the existence of evil comes to him)
that even to the truest eyesight, to the best trained faculty of soul,
the beautiful would never come to seem strictly concentric with the
good. That seems to have taxed his understanding as gravely as it had
tried his will,--and he was glad when in the mere natural course of
years he was become at all events less ardent a lover. 'Tis he is the
authority for what Sophocles had said on the happy decay of the
passions as age advanced: it was "like being set free from service to a
band of madmen." His own distinguishing note is tranquil afterthought
upon this conflict, with a kind of envy of the almost disembodied old
age of Cephalus, who quotes that saying of Sophocles amid his placid
sacrificial doings. Connect with this quiet scene, and contrast with
the luxuriant power of the Phaedrus and the Symposium, what, [138] for
a certain touch of later mysticism in it, we might call Plato's evening
prayer, in the ninth book of The Republic.--
When any one, being healthfully and temperately disposed
towards himself, turns to sleep, having stirred the reasonable
part of him with a feast of fair thoughts and high problems,
being come to full consciousness, himself with himself; and
has, on the other hand, committed the element of desire neither
to appetite, nor to surfeiting, to the end that this may slumber
well, and, by its pain or pleasure, cause no trouble to that
part which is best in him, but may suffer it, alone by itself,
in its pure essence, to behold and aspire towards some object,
and apprehend what it knows not--some event, of the past, it may
be, or something that now is, or will be hereafter; and in like
manner has soothed hostile impulse, so that, falling to no angry
thoughts against any, he goes not to rest with a troubled spirit,
but with those two parts at peace within, and with that third
part, wherein reason is engendered, on the move:--you know, I
think, that in sleep of this sort he lays special hold on truth,
and then least of all is there lawlessness in the visions of his
dreams. Republic, 571.