These are new Empedoklean verses, derived from the recently published fragments of Hippolytus (Hær. Refut.) printed by Stein, v. 110, in his collection of the Fragments of Empedokles, p. 43. Compare another passage in the same treatise of Hippolytus, p. 251.] [Footnote 113: Emped. Fr. v. 59, Karsten: [Greek: Ou(/tôs a(rmoni/ês pukinô=| kruphô=| e)stê/riktai sphai/ros kuklote/rês, moniê=| periêge/i+ gai/ôn]. Plutarch, De Facie in Orbe Lunæ, c. 12. About the divinity ascribed by Empedokles to Sphærus, see Aristot. Metaphys. B. 4, p. 1000, a. 29. [Greek: a(/panta ga\r e)k tou/tou (nei/kous) ta)/lla/ e)sti plê\n o( theo/s] (i.e. Sphærus).--[Greek: Ei) ga\r mê\ ê)=n to\ nei=kos e)n toi=s pra/gmasi, e(\n a)\n ê)=n a(/panta, ô(s phêsi/n] (Empedokles). See Preller, Hist. Philos. ex Font. Loc. Contexta, sect. 171, 172, ed. 3. The condition of things which Empedokles calls Sphærus may be illustrated (translating his Love and Enmity into the modern phraseology of _attraction_ and _repulsion_) from an eminent modern work on Physics:--"Were there only atoms and attraction, as now explained, the whole material of creation would rush into close contact, and the universe would be one huge solid mass of stillness and death. There is heat or caloric, however, which directly counteracts attraction and singularly modifies the results. It has been described by some as a most subtile fluid pervading things, as water does a sponge: others have accounted it merely a vibration among the atoms. The truth is, that we know little more of heat as a cause of repulsion, than of gravity as a cause of attraction: but we can study and classify the phenomena of both most accurately." (Dr. Arnott, Elements of Physics, vol. i. p. 26.)] [Footnote 114: Emp. Fr. v. 66-70, Karsten: [Greek: pa/nta ga\r e)xei/ês pelemi/zeto gui=a theoi=o.]] [Footnote 115: Plutarch ap. Euseb. Præp. Evang. i. 8, 10; Plutarch, Placit. Philos. ii. 6, p. 887; Aristot. Ethic. Nic. viii. 2.] [Footnote 116: Emped. Fr. 185, Karsten. [Greek: ai)thê\r sphi/ggôn peri\ ku/klon a(/panta]. Aristot. De Coelo, ii. 13, 14; iii. 2, 2. [Greek: tê\n gê=n u(po\ tê=s di/nês ê)remei=n], &c. Empedokles called the sea [Greek: i(/drôta tê=s gê=s]. Emp. Fr. 451, Karsten; Aristot. Meteor. ii. 3.] [Footnote 117: Plutarch, Placit. Phil. ii. 20, p. 890.] [Footnote 118: Zeller, Phil. d. Griech., i. p. 532-535, 2nd ed.: Karsten--De Emped. Philos. p. 424-431. The very imperfect notices which remain, of the astronomical and meteorological doctrines of Empedokles, are collected and explained by these two authors.] [Footnote 119: Plutarch, Placit. Philos. ii. 8; Schaubach, Anaxag. Fragm. p. 175. Compare the remarks of Gruppe (Ueber die Kosmischen** Systeme der Griechen, p. 98) upon the obscure Welt-Gebäude of Empedokles.] [Side-note: Formation of the Earth, of Gods, men, animals, and plants.]