[Side-note: Question--Whether the just man is orthodox or dissenter in his society?--important in discussing whether he is happy.] Moreover, in estimating the probable happiness either of the just (especially taking this word _sensu Platonico_ as equivalent to _the philosophers_) or the unjust, another element must be included: which an illustrious self-thinking reasoner like Plato ought not to have omitted. Does the internal reason and sentiment of the agent coincide with that of his countrymen, as to what is just and unjust? Is he essentially homogeneous with his countrymen (to use the language of Plato in the Gorgias[57]), a chip of the same block? Or has he the earnest conviction that the commandments and prohibitions which they enforce upon him, on the plea of preventing injustice, are themselves unjust? Is he (like the philosopher described by Plato among societies actually constituted, or like Sokrates at Athens[58]) a conscientious dissenter from the orthodox creed--political, ethical, or æsthetical--received among his fellow-citizens generally? Does he (like Sokrates) believe himself to be inculcating useful and excellent lessons, while his countrymen blame and silence him as a corruptor of youth, and as a libeller of the elders?[59] Does he, in those actions which he performs either under legal restraint or under peremptory unofficial custom, submit merely to what he regards as _civium ardor prava jubentium_, or as _vultus instantis tyranni_? [Footnote 57: Plato, Gorgias, p. 513 B. [Greek: au)tophuô=s o(/moios tê=| politei/a|], &c.] [Footnote 58: Plato, Republic, vi. pp. 496-497. Plato, Gorgias, p. 521 D.] [Footnote 59: Plato, Gorgias, p. 522 B. [Greek: e)a/n te/ ti/s me ê)\ neôte/rous phê=| diaphthei/rein a)porei=n poiou=nta, ê)\ tou\s presbute/rous kakêgorei=n le/gonta pikrou\s lo/gous ê)\ i)di/a| ê)\ dêmosi/a|, ou)/te to\ a)lêthe\s e(/xô ei)pei=n, o(/ti Dikai/ôs pa/nta tau=ta e)gô\ le/gô kai\ pra/ttô to\ u(me/teron dê\ tou=to, ô)= a)/ndres dikastai/, ou)/te a)/llo ou)de/n; ô(/ste i)/sôs, o(/, ti a)\n tu/chô, tou=to pei/somai.]] [Side-note: Comparison of the position of Sokrates at Athens, with that of his accusers.]