Platonism in English poetry of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries — Plato — John Shaqi
Platonism in English poetry of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries
Plato · en
“Thence gathering plumes of perfect speculation,
To impe the wings of thy high flying mynd,
Mount up aloft through heavenly contemplation,
From this darke world, whose damps the soule do blynd,
And like the native brood of Eagles kynd,
On that bright Sunne of glorie fixe thine eyes,
Clear’d from grosse mists of fraile infirmities.”
Then comes in the sense of sin, and he approaches God in a different
spirit. He continues:
“Humbled with feare and awful reverence,
Before the footestoole of his Maiestie,
Throw thy selfe downe with trembling innocence,
Ne dare looke up with corruptible eye,
On the dred face of that great _Deity_,
For feare, lest if he chaunce to looke on thee,
Thou turne to nought, and quite confounded be.
“But lowly fall before his mercie seate,
Close covered with the Lambes integrity,
From the just wrath of his avengefull threate,
That sits upon the righteous throne on hy.”
(ll. 130–152.)
II. NATURE OF THE SOUL
The nature of the soul from the standpoint of Plotinian metaphysics was
treated by Henry More in his two poetical treatises, “Pyschathanasia”
and “Anti-psychopannychia.” In the former he follows the course of the
argument set forth in the seventh book of the fourth “Ennead” of
Plotinus. In the Plotinian defence two propositions are established;
namely, that the soul is not body, and that it is not a function of
body. By demonstrating these, it followed that the soul is an immaterial
thing, a real being, and consequently eternal. This is the drift of
More’s argument in “Psychathanasia.” The first and second books are
devoted to the establishment of the definition of the soul as an
incorporeal substance, and the proof of its incorporeality is deduced
from considerations of its functions.
The soul, More holds, is an incorporeal thing because it is a
self-moving substance present in all forms of life. Plotinus had taught
that soul was everywhere. “First, then,” he says, “let every soul
consider this: how by breathing life into them soul made all animals,
the creatures of earth, sea, air, the divine stars in heaven; made the
sun, made the great firmament above us, and not only made but ordered
it, so that it swings round in due course. Yet is this soul a different
nature from what it orders, and moves, and vivifies. It must needs then
be more precious than its creations. For they are born, and when the
soul which ministers their life abandons them, they die; but the soul
ever is because it never abandons itself.” (“Enneads,” V. i. 2.) More
finds this soul present in the growth of all forms of vegetation, the
sphere spermatic (I. ii. 30), in the life of animals, sensation, and
self-directed motion; and in the intellectual life of man. (I. ii.
17–22.)