The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions
Plato · en
Besides, the philosopher has notions of good and evil unlike
those of other men. For they are courageous because they are
afraid of greater dangers, and temperate because they desire 69
greater pleasures. But he disdains this balancing of pleasures
and pains, which is the exchange of commerce and not of virtue.
All the virtues, including wisdom, are regarded by him only as
purifications of the soul. And this was the meaning of the
founders of the mysteries when they said, ‘Many are the wand-bearers
but few are the mystics.’ (Cp. Matt. xxii. 14: ‘Many are
called, but few are chosen.’) And in the hope that he is one of
these mystics, Socrates is now departing. This is his answer to
any one who charges him with indifference at the prospect of
leaving the gods and his friends.
Still, a fear is expressed that the soul upon leaving the body 70
may vanish away like smoke or air. Socrates in answer appeals
first of all to the old Orphic tradition that the souls of the dead
are in the world below, and that the living come from them.
This he attempts to found on a philosophical assumption that
all opposites—e. g. less, greater; weaker, stronger; sleeping, 71
waking; life, death—are generated out of each other. Nor can
the process of generation be only a passage from living to dying,
for then all would end in death. The perpetual sleeper (Endymion) 72
would be no longer distinguished from the rest of
mankind. The circle of nature is not complete unless the living
come from the dead as well as pass to them.
[Sidenote: _Analysis 73-80._]