The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions
Plato · en
And the weaker is generated from the stronger, and the
swifter from the slower.
Very true.
And the worse is from the better, and the more just is from
the more unjust.
Of course.
And is this true of all opposites? and are we convinced
that all of them are generated out of opposites?
Yes.
[Sidenote: _Life and death like waking and sleeping._]
[Sidenote: And there are intermediate processes or passages into and
out of one another, such as increase and diminution, division and
composition, and the like.]
And in this universal opposition of all things, are there not
also two intermediate processes which are ever going on, from
one to the other opposite, and back again; where there is a
greater and a less there is also an intermediate process of
increase and diminution, and that which grows is said to
wax, and that which decays to wane?
Yes, he said.
And there are many other processes, such as division and
composition, cooling and heating, which equally involve a
passage into and out of one another. And this necessarily
holds of all opposites, even though not always expressed in
words—they are really generated out of one another, and
there is a passing or process from one to the other of them?
Very true, he replied.
Well, and is there not an opposite of life, as sleep is the
opposite of waking?
True, he said.
And what is it?
Death, he answered.
And these, if they are opposites, are generated the one
from the other, and have their two intermediate processes
also?
Of course.
Now, said Socrates, I will analyze one of the two pairs of
opposites which I have mentioned to you, and also its intermediate
processes, and you shall analyze the other to me.
One of them I term sleep, the other waking. The state of
sleep is opposed to the state of waking, and out of sleeping
waking is generated, and out of waking, sleeping; and the
process of generation is in the one case falling asleep, and in
the other waking up. Do you agree?
I entirely agree.
[Sidenote: Life is opposed to death, as waking is to sleeping, and in
like manner they are generated from one another.]
Then, suppose that you analyze life and death to me in the
same manner. Is not death opposed to life?
Yes.
And they are generated one from the other?
Yes.
What is generated from the living?
The dead.
And what from the dead?
I can only say in answer—the living.
Then the living, whether things or persons, Cebes, are
generated from the dead?
[Sidenote: _The circle of nature._]
That is clear, he replied.
Then the inference is that our souls exist in the world
below?
That is true.
And one of the two processes or generations is visible—for
surely the act of dying is visible?
Surely, he said.