_Euth._ I should rather say that these are the questions which they are always arguing, especially in courts of law: they commit all sorts of crimes, and there is nothing which they will not do or say in their own defence. _Soc._ But do they admit their guilt, Euthyphro, and yet say that they ought not to be punished? _Euth._ No; they do not. _Soc._ Then there are some things which they do not venture to say and do: for they do not venture to argue that the guilty are to be unpunished, but they deny their guilt, do they not? _Euth._ Yes. _Soc._ Then they do not argue that the evil-doer should not be punished, but they argue about the fact of who the evil-doer is, and what he did and when? _Euth._ True. [Sidenote: Neither God nor man will say that the doer of evil is not to be punished, but they are doubtful about particular acts. What proof is there that all the gods approve of the prosecution of your father?] _Soc._ And the gods are in the same case, if as you assert they quarrel about just and unjust, and some of them say while others deny that injustice is done among them. For surely neither God nor man will ever venture to say that the doer of injustice is not to be punished? _Euth._ That is true, Socrates, in the main. _Soc._ But they join issue about the particulars—gods and men alike; and, if they dispute at all, they dispute about some act which is called in question, and which by some is affirmed to be just, by others to be unjust. Is not that true? _Euth._ Quite true. _Soc._ Well then, my dear friend Euthyphro, do tell me, for 9 my better instruction and information, what proof have you that in the opinion of all the gods a servant who is guilty of murder, and is put in chains by the master of the dead man, and dies because he is put in chains before he who bound him can learn from the interpreters of the gods what he ought to do with him, dies unjustly; and that on behalf of such an one a son ought to proceed against his father and accuse him of murder. How would you show that all the gods absolutely agree in approving of his act? Prove to me that they do, and I will applaud your wisdom as long as I live. _Euth._ It will be a difficult task; but I could make the matter very clear indeed to you. _Soc._ I understand; you mean to say that I am not so quick of apprehension as the judges: for to them you will be sure to prove that the act is unjust, and hateful to the gods. [Sidenote: _The priority of the act to the state._] _Euth._ Yes indeed, Socrates; at least if they will listen to me. [Sidenote: Let us say then that what all the gods approve is pious and holy.]