The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions — Plato — John Shaqi
The dialogues of Plato in five volumes, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Translated into English with analyses and introductions
Plato · en
_Soc._ Yes, my friend; the reason is that I am a votary
of your science, and give my mind to it, and therefore
nothing which you say will be thrown away upon me. Please
then to tell me, what is the nature of this service to the
gods? Do you mean that we prefer requests and give gifts
to them?
_Euth._ Yes, I do.
_Soc._ Is not the right way of asking to ask of them what we
want?
_Euth._ Certainly.
[Sidenote: Men give to the gods, and the gods give to men; they do
business with one another.]
_Soc._ And the right way of giving is to give to them in
return what they want of us. There would be no meaning
in an art which gives to any one that which he does not
want.
_Euth._ Very true, Socrates.
_Soc._ Then piety, Euthyphro, is an art which gods and men
have of doing business with one another?
_Euth._ That is an expression which you may use, if you
like.
_Soc._ But I have no particular liking for anything but the
truth. I wish, however, that you would tell me what benefit
accrues to the gods from our gifts. There is no doubt about
what they give to us; for there is no good thing which they 15
do not give; but how we can give any good thing to them in
return is far from being equally clear. If they give everything
and we give nothing, that must be an affair of business
in which we have very greatly the advantage of them.
[Sidenote: _Euthyphro is fairly puzzled._]
_Euth._ And do you imagine, Socrates, that any benefit
accrues to the gods from our gifts?
_Soc._ But if not, Euthyphro, what is the meaning of gifts
which are conferred by us upon the gods?
_Euth._ What else, but tributes of honour; and, as I was
just now saying, what pleases them?
_Soc._ Piety, then, is pleasing to the gods, but not beneficial
or dear to them?
_Euth._ I should say that nothing could be dearer.
_Soc._ Then once more the assertion is repeated that piety is
dear to the gods?
_Euth._ Certainly.
[Sidenote: Again, the argument walks away.]
_Soc._ And when you say this, can you wonder at your
words not standing firm, but walking away? Will you accuse
me of being the Daedalus who makes them walk away, not
perceiving that there is another and far greater artist than
Daedalus who makes them go round in a circle, and he is
yourself; for the argument, as you will perceive, comes
round to the same point. Were we not saying that the holy
or pious was not the same with that which is loved of the
gods? Have you forgotten?
_Euth._ I quite remember.
_Soc._ And are you not saying that what is loved of the gods
is holy; and is not this the same as what is dear to them—do
you see?
_Euth._ True.
_Soc._ Then either we were wrong in our former assertion;
or, if we were right then, we are wrong now.
_Euth._ One of the two must be true.