The works of Plato (Vol. 1 of 6) : $b A new and literal version chiefly from the text of Stallbaum
Plato · en
“But it has been already granted,” said he, “that one soul is not more
or less a soul than another; and this is an admission that one harmony
is not to a greater degree or more fully, or to a less degree or less
fully, a harmony, than another: is it not so?”
“Certainly.”
“And that that which is neither more nor less harmony, is neither more
nor less harmonized: is it so?”
“It is.”
“But does that which is neither more nor less harmonized partake of more
or less harmony, or an equal amount?”
“An equal amount.”
97. “A soul, therefore, since it is not more or less this very thing, a
soul, than another, is not more or less harmonized?”
“Even so.”
“Such then being its condition, it cannot partake of a greater degree of
discord or harmony?”
“Certainly not.”
“And again, such being its condition, can one soul partake of a greater
degree of vice or virtue than another, if vice be discord, and virtue
harmony?”
“It cannot.”
“Or rather, surely, Simmias, according to right reason, no soul will
partake of vice, if it is harmony: for doubtless harmony, which is
perfectly such, can never partake of discord?”
“Certainly not.”
“Neither, therefore, can a soul, which is perfectly a soul, partake of
vice.”
“How can it, from what has been already said?”
“From this reasoning, then, all souls of all animals will be equally
good, if at least they are by nature equally this very thing, souls?”
“It appears so to me, Socrates,” he said.
“And does it appear to you,” he said, “to have been thus rightly argued,
and that the argument would lead to this result, if the hypothesis were
correct, that the soul is harmony?”
98. “On no account whatever,” he replied.
“But what,” said he, “of all the things that are in man, is there any
thing else that you say bears rule except the soul, especially if it be
wise?”
“I should say not.”
“Whether by yielding to the passions in the body, or by opposing them?
My meaning is this, for instance, when heat and thirst are present, by
drawing it the contrary way, so as to hinder it from drinking, and when
hunger is present, by hindering it from eating; and in ten thousand
other instances we see the soul opposing the desires of the body. Do we
not?”
“Certainly.”
“But have we not before allowed that if the soul were harmony, it would
never utter a sound contrary to the tension, relaxation, vibration, or
any other affection to which its component parts are subject, but would
follow, and never govern them?”
“We did allow it,” he replied, “for how could we do otherwise?”