The more we contract our circle, the more necessary it is to be
circumspect in the choice of our authors. The grand error of young
students, as I told you before, is a too implicit dependence upon
books, and too much diffidence in their own capacity; without
reflecting that they are much less liable to be misled by their own
reason, than by the sophistry of systematical writers. If we would but
consult our own feelings, we should easily distinguish _virtue_ and
_beauty_: we do not want to be taught either of these; but examples of
extreme virtue, and superlative beauty are less common, and these are
therefore more difficult to be understood. Our vanity leads us to
mistake our own peculiar imbecility for that of nature, and to think
those qualities chimerical which we do not perceive within ourselves;
idleness and vice rest upon pretended impossibility, and men of little
genius conclude that things which are uncommon have no existence.
These errors we must endeavour to eradicate, and by using ourselves to
contemplate grand objects, destroy the notion of their impossibility:
thus, by degrees, our emulation is roused by example, our taste
refines, and every thing indifferent becomes intolerable.
But let us not have recourse to books for principles which may be
found within ourselves. What have we to do with the idle disputes of
philosophers, concerning virtue and happiness? Let us rather employ
that time in being virtuous and happy, which others waste in fruitless
enquiries after the means: let us rather imitate great examples, than
busy ourselves with systems and opinions.
I always believed, that virtue was in reality active beauty; or at
least that they were intimately connected, and sprung from the same
source in nature. From this idea it follows, that wisdom and taste are
to be improved by the same means, and that a mind truly sensible of
the charms of virtue, must receive an equal impression from every
other kind of beauty. Yet accurate and refined perceptions are to be
acquired only by habit; and hence it is, that we see a painter, in
viewing a fine prospect or a good picture, in raptures at certain
objects, which a common observer would not even have seen. How many
real impressions do we perceive, which we cannot account for? How many
_Je-ne-sais-quois_ frequently occur, which taste only can determine?
Taste is, in some degree, the microscope of judgment; it brings small
objects to our view, and its operations begin where those of judgment
end. How then shall we proceed in its cultivation? By exercising our
sight as well as feeling, and by judging of the beautiful from
inspection, as we judge of virtue from sensation. I am persuaded there
may be some hearts upon which the first sight, even of Eloisa, would
make no impression.