Voltaire's history of Charles XII, king of Sweden — Voltaire — John Shaqi
Voltaire's history of Charles XII, king of Sweden
Voltaire · en
There was nothing to be hoped from Lithuania, where the Swedes were
posted; while the Polish army, reduced in number, lacked arms,
provisions and the will to fight. The majority of the nobles,
intimidated, undecided, or disaffected, stayed on their own lands.
It was in vain that the King, authorized by law, ordered every noble
to appear on horseback under pain of death, and to follow him; they
began to argue that they need not obey him. His chief trust was in
the troops of the Electorate, where, as the form of government was
absolute, he did not fear disobedience. He had already given orders to
2,000 Saxons, who were marching rapidly. He also recalled 8,000, which
he had promised to the Emperor for the French war, but which in his
difficult position he was forced to withdraw. The introduction of so
many Saxons into Poland meant the provocation of general disaffection,
and the violation of the law made by his own party, allowing him a
force of only 6,000. But he realized that if he were victor they would
not dare to complain, while if he were beaten they would never forgive
the introduction of 6,000 men. While his soldiers were arriving in
groups, and he was passing from county to county collecting the nobles
who adhered to him, the King of Sweden at last arrived before Warsaw
on the 5th of May, 1702. The gates were opened to him at the first
summons; he sent away the Polish garrison, disbanded the militia, set
up military posts of his own everywhere, and ordered the inhabitants to
disarm; then content with that, and not wishing to exasperate them, he
only demanded a tribute of 100,000 livres. King Augustus was at that
time assembling his forces at Cracow, and was very surprised to see the
Cardinal-Primate among them. This man wished, perhaps, to maintain an
external reputation to the last, and to dethrone his King with every
mark of outward respect. He gave him to understand that the King of
Sweden would grant reasonable terms, and humbly asked permission to go
to see the King. King Augustus granted what he was powerless to refuse,
and so left him free to do him an injury. The Cardinal hastened
immediately to see the King of Sweden, to whom he had not yet ventured
to present himself. He met the Prince at Prague, not far from Warsaw,
but without the ceremony which had been shown towards the ambassadors
of the State.