To bring home what we mean--imagine that a conflagration sweeps this town and destroys it. The land would remain, the climate, sea bathing, sailing, outdoor and indoor sports, and the moors. Inevitably, however, a part, probably a small part, would be built up anew and there could be no possible control of the styles. We would then have a small village like any other modern one along the Atlantic seaboard, entirely devoid of quaintness, charm or interest. Nantucket would then be in its second decline, perhaps just as severe as after the end of the whaling. EARLY INFLUENCES It is interesting to contemplate what influenced our prevailing architecture. First, as in many other affairs, it was the almighty dollar. In the 18th century, and much of the first quarter of the 19th, there was little spare cash available on this Island. That which was accumulated, and more, was needed for outfitting ships. Hence the houses were built inexpensively and of moderate size. Second, the Quakers put their indelible stamp on Nantucket houses, particularly those built from 1750 to 1825. Worth tells us the Society of Friends reached its highest tide of membership and influence on the Island a few years prior to the opening of the 19th century. At this time the population of Nantucket was about 5,600 and nearly one-half attended Friends Meeting. The most potent cause of the decline of Quakerism was the enforcement of their discipline. They required utmost simplicity and utmost plainness in detail of their houses. He recites an event which took place as late as 1790, when Job Macy was building his house on Mill Street. When his father discovered that the plan was to erect a house of two stories, both front and rear, without a lean-to and a long north sloping roof, he expostulated with Job for the innovation and vowed that if the house was built in the new style as proposed he would never enter it, and tradition is that he never did. An incident of the same nature and of about the same time is reported by Hussey. When a certain house near Stone Alley was being erected from frames made on the mainland, it was found to be upright all around, the back two stories high like the front and so without the regulation long back roof. To some of the Islanders this caused uneasiness, as being likely to introduce change and extravagance. A citizens’ meeting was convened and the owner requested to cut down the back posts. Good man as he was, he complied. Third, relative affluence, when it came, was derived from or had its origin in the sea. It was possessed by the ship captains and ship owners. They were influenced by the balance and carpentry of ships. This extended to their dwellings. During the latter part of the prosperity period, approximately from 1825 to 1860, some of these men had become merchants and capitalists. They enjoyed themselves on shore and built the few mansions with which we are familiar.