Rand, _Modern Classical Philosophers_, iv, 40 n., 47 n., 66 n., 84 n., 107 n., 147 n., 169 n., 183 n., 212 n., 236 n., 282 n., 300 n., 315 n., 340 n., 352 n., 360 n. Rationalism, defined, 61 n.; the nature of, 62–65; School of, in Germany, France, and Holland, 80; of Wolff and the Leibnitz-Wolffians, 221–223, 231. Rationalists, the, 31, 63–65. _See_ Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz. Realism, Mysticism, and Idealism, contrasted, 318–321; the argument for, according to Herbart, 334–336; multiple, according to Herbart, 337, 338; the return to, in the nineteenth century, 352, 353; of the nineteenth century, the character of, 353–355. Realistic Movement, the, 224. Reality, of Fichte, 287–295; of Realism, Mysticism, and Idealism, 320, 321; implied by phenomena, according to Herbart, 336; irrational, the will as, according to Schopenhauer, 347, 348. _See_ Absolute Reality. Reason, the question of its validity, according to Kant, 260–262; the will exerted from, 272, 273; in Hegel’s philosophy, 314, 323. Reflections in Locke’s philosophy, 158, 159. Reformation, Protestant, the, 7. Reid, Thomas, 201, 202. Religion, according to Hobbes, 60; and science, Leibnitz’s attempt to reconcile, 118, 119; in the Enlightenment, 137; Philosophical, Lessing a writer on, 143; of the Deists, 164, 165; in Hume’s philosophy, 200, 201; according to Hegel, 326. Religious philosophy, of Schelling, 311, 312. Renaissance, the, the first period of modern philosophy, 2–4; general character of, 8–11; significance of, in history, 11–15; the problem of, 14; two periods of, 15–21; discussion of the Humanistic period of, 22–30; birthplaces of the chief philosophers of (map), 30; discussion of the Natural Science period of (Galileo, Bacon, Hobbes), 31–61; in England after Hobbes, 61; discussion of the Rationalism of the Natural Science period of, 62–131. Representation, the general function of Leibnitz’s monads, 124, 126. Resemblance, association by, 192–196. Revelation and Mythology, Schelling’s Philosophy of, 303, 311, 312. Revolution, French, the, 213, 214, 216. Revolutionists, Philosophical, the, of the Enlightenment, 142. Ribot, Théodule, _German Psychology of To-day_, 332 n. Richter, J. P., forerunner of the literary Romanticists, 279. Robertson, G. C., _Hobbes_, 47 n., 66 n. Romantic philosophers, the, 299. Romanticism, 224; the period of, 295, 296; its meaning, 296, 297; in philosophy, 299, 300; takes a religious turn at beginning of eighteenth century, 311. Romanticists, the, 284, 285; Goethe as one of, 297–299; the æsthetic humanism of, 308. Rousseau, J. J., the most notable figure of France during the Enlightenment, 142; his philosophy, 213–216;