his influence, 216, 230, 234, 235. Royal Society, the, 40. Royce, Josiah, _Spirit of Modern Philosophy_, iv, 84 n., 169 n., 236 n., 282 n., 299 n., 315 n., 352 n.; _The World and the Individual_, 352 n. Salvation, Spinoza’s doctrine of, 102–106. Schelling, F. W. J. von, and Fichte and Hegel, what they sought, 279, 281, 312; the true Romantic spirit appears in, 299; life and writings of, 300–303; his philosophy of Nature, 300, 304–306; his philosophy characterized, 301; his transcendental philosophy, 302, 307–310; his system of identity, 303, 310, 311; and Fichte, a brief comparison of, as philosophers, 303–305; his religious philosophy, 311, 312. Schiller, J. C. F. von, prominent in the Storm and Stress movement, 227; notable example of the influence of Kant upon literature, 233; quoted on Kant, 233; _Artists, Letters on Æsthetic Education_, 307 n. Schleiermacher, F. E. D., 308, 311. Scholasticism, a self-destructive method, 4; mediæval, Renaissance had to reckon with, 11; representatives of the revival of, 22; after Hobbes, 61; and Locke, 156, 157. Schopenhauer, Arthur, his relation to Kant, 330–332; and his philosophical relations, 340–342; and pessimism, 341, 342, 344, 348, 349–351; life and writings of, 342, 343; the influences upon his thought, 343–345; the world as will and the world as idea, 345–347; the will as irrational reality, 347, 348; the misery of the world as idea, 348, 349; the way of deliverance, 349–351. Schultze, F. A., teacher of Kant, 233. Science, attitude of the Church toward, in the period of the Renaissance, 19–21; modern methods in, began with Galileo, 32, 37–39; in Bacon, 40–46; in Hobbes, 54, 58; and religion, Leibnitz’s attempt to reconcile, 118, 119; Hume’s attack on, 196–199; Hume’s two classes of, 199, 200; in the nineteenth century, 353–357; invaded by evolution, 361. _See_ Natural Science period, Physics. Scientific methods, in the Renaissance, 18, 19. Scientists, of the Natural Science period, 31–39, 62–65. _See_ Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz. Scottish School of Philosophy, the, of the Enlightenment, 141, 201, 202. Self, idea of, in Locke’s philosophy, 159, 160; of Kant, 260; of Fichte, 293; of Schelling, 309, 310. _See_ Ego. Sensationalism, 53. Sensationalists. _See_ Sensualists. Sensations, of Locke, 158, 159; of Kant, 245; of Fichte, 290, 291; of Herbart, 339; of Fechner, 359. Sense-perception, in what its validity consists, according to Kant, 253–255. _See_ Perceptions. Sensualists, the, of the Enlightenment, 141, 212. Sentimentalist, the, of the Enlightenment (Rousseau), 142. Seven Years’ War, 225. Shaftesbury, Lord, and Locke, 148, 152, 153. Shelley, P. B.,