A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and NationsWheeler, J. M. (Joseph Mazzini)
Religion
A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and Nations
Wheeler, J. M. (Joseph Mazzini)
Free thought -- Biography
Hartogh Heys van Zouteveen (Dr. Herman), a learned Dutch writer,
b. Delft 13 Feb. 1841. He studied law and natural philosophy at Leyden,
and graduated doctor of law in '64 and doctor of natural philosophy in
'66. In '66 he received a gold medal from the king of Holland for a
treatise on the synthesis of organic bodies. Dr. Hartogh was some time
professor of chemistry and natural history at the Hague, but lived at
Delft, where he was made city councillor and in '69 and '70 travelled
through Egypt and Nubia as correspondent of Het Vaderland and was the
guest of the Khedive. He translated into Dutch Darwin's Descent of
Man and Expressions of the Emotions, both with valuable annotations
of his own. He has also translated and annotated some of the works
of Ludwig Büchner and "Carus Sterne," from the German, and works from
the French, besides writing several original essays on anthropology,
natural history, geology, and allied sciences, contributing largely
to the spread of Darwinian ideas in Holland. In '72 he visited the
United States and the Pacific coast. Since '73 he has resided at
Assen, of which he was named member of the city council, but could
not take his seat because he refused the oath. He is a director of
the Provincial Archæological Museum at Assen, and a member of the
Dutch Literary Society the Royal Institution of Netherlands, India,
and other scientific associations. For a long while he was a member
of the Dutch Freethinkers' Society, De Dageraad, of which he became
president. To the organ De Dageraad he contributed important works,
such as Jewish Reports Concerning Jesus of Nazareth and the Origin
of Religious Ideas, the last of which has been published separately.
Haslam (Charles Junius), b. Widdington, Northumberland, 24 April,
1811. He spent most of his life near Manchester, where he became a
Socialist and published Letters to the Clergy of all Denominations,
showing the errors, absurdities, and irrationalities of their
doctrines, '38. This work went through several editions, and the
publishers were prosecuted for blasphemy. He followed it by Letters to
the Bishop of Exeter, containing materials for deciding the question
whether or not the Bible is the word of God, '41, and a pamphlet Who
are the Infidels? In '61 he removed to Benton, where he has since
lived. In '85 he issued a pamphlet entitled The Suppression of War.
Hassell (Richard), one of Carlile's shopmen, sentenced to two years
imprisonment in Newgate for selling Paine's Age of Reason, 28 May,
1824. He died in October 1826.
Hattem (Pontiaam van), Dutch writer, b. Bergen 1641. He was a
follower of Spinoza, inclined to Pantheistic mysticism, and had
several followers. Died 1706.
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