Clayton (Robert), successively Bishop of Killala, Cork, and Clogher, b. Dublin, 1695. By his benevolence attracted the friendship of Samuel Clarke, and adopted Arianism, which he maintained in several publications. In 1756 he proposed, in the Irish House of Lords, the omission of the Nicene and Athanasian Creeds from the Liturgy, and stated that he then felt more relieved in his mind than for twenty years before. A legal prosecution was instituted, but he died, it is said, from nervous agitation (26 Feb. 1758) before the matter was decided. Cleave (John), bookseller, and one of the pioneers of a cheap political press. Started the London Satirist, and Cleave's Penny Gazette of Variety, Oct. 14, 1837, to Jan. 20, '44. He published many Chartist and Socialistic works, and an abridgment of Howitt's History of Priestcraft. In May, '40, he was sentenced to four months' imprisonment for selling Haslam's Letters to the Clergy. Clemenceau (Georges Benjamin Eugene), French politician, b. Moulleron-en-Pareds, 28 Sept. 1841. Educated at Nantes and Paris, he took his doctor's degree in '65. His activity as Republican ensured him a taste of gaol. He visited the United States and acted as correspondent on the Temps. He returned at the time of the war and was elected deputy to the Assembly. In Jan. 1880 he founded La Justice, having as collaborateurs M. C. Pelletan, Prof. Acollas and Dr. C. Letourneau. As one of the chiefs of the Radical party he was largely instrumental in getting M. Carnot elected President. Clemetshaw (C.), French writer, using the name Cilwa. B. 14 Sept. 1864 of English parents; has contributed to many journals, was delegate to the International Congress, London, of '87, and is editor of Le Danton. Clemens (Samuel Langhorne), American humorist, better known as "Mark Twain," b. Florida, Missouri, 30 Nov. 1835. In '55 he served as Mississippi pilot, and takes his pen name from the phrase used in sounding. In Innocents Abroad, or the New Pilgrim's Progress, '69, by which he made his name, there is much jesting with "sacred" subjects. Mr. Clemens is an Agnostic. Clifford (Martin), English Rationalist. Was Master of the Charterhouse, 1671, and published anonymously a treatise of Human Reason, London, '74, which was reprinted in the following year with the author's name. A short while after its publication Laney, Bishop of Ely, was dining in Charterhouse and remarked, not knowing the author, "'twas no matter if all the copies were burnt and the author with them, because it made every man's private fancy judge of religion." Clifford died 10 Dec. 1677. In the Nouvelle Biographie Générale Clifford is amusingly described as an "English theologian of the order des Chartreux," who, it is added, was "prior of his order."