EVOLUTION, in its relation to the strife that bridges and roads circulate, 1, 32, 39; see also Chapter II. EVOLUTION OF DEFENCELESS BRIDGES, see Chapter V. EXCEPTIONAL BRIDGES, 302, 305-6, 307, 308-10, 316. EXTRA-DOSSED ARCHES, Roman and Mediæval, 282-3. FABRICIUS, PONS, at Rome, 195, 196. FACT DIFFERS FROM TRUTH, 10, 11. FEATS OF ENGINEERING, 323, 327, 341, 356. FERNWORTHY BRIDGE, Dartmoor, 60. FINANCE, as a phase of permanent war, 35, 36, 361. “FINDS” IN RESEARCH, 6. FIRE, its discovery, 58. FIREARMS, 332-3. FIRES ON OLD LONDON BRIDGE, 218-19. FLAMBARD, BISHOP, before the year 1128, is said to have built Framwellgate Bridge at Durham, using ribbed arches. If so, then the ribbed arches in this bridge are about as old as those of the Pont de Vernay at Airvault: see the illustration facing page 96. FLAMINIAN WAY and the Pons Milvius, 197, and the bridge at Narni, 23. FLAVIEN, PONT, a Roman bridge with two triumphal arches at Saint-Chamas, 176-7. FLEMISH TOWNS and their defensive bridges, 289-91. FLINT TOOLS AND WEAPONS prove the terrible slowness of human progress, 57; the earliest bridges of handicraft considered in their relation to the earliest hand-made tools and weapons, 56-7, 109, 110, 119, 120, 121, 122. FLODDEN FIELD and Twizel Bridge, 94, 355. FLOOD-WATER BAYS cut through the piers of bridges, 284, as in the great military Roman bridge at Mérida, 181-2; the Pons Fabricius another Roman example, 196; later specimens, the Three-arched Bridge at Venice, colour plate facing page 224, the Pont des Consuls at Montauban, colour plate facing page 256, and the Pont St. Esprit over the Rhône, 293. FLORENCE, the Ponte Vecchio, 211, 222; the Ponte della Trinità, Ammanati’s masterpiece, 316. FO-CHEU, PONT DE, a Chinese bridge described by Gauthey, 314-15. FOOTPATHS, the earliest were made by quadrupeds, 3; human footpaths, their number, and what it has cost to make them, 17; they belong not to the illusion called peace but to the reality named strife, 17.