An elderly bearded man (No. 33), wearing a long chiton with short
sleeves and shoes, stands next to No. 32. On his head are traces
of metallic rust. He therefore may have worn a metallic wreath,
for which the marble at the back of his head appears to have been
hollowed. He turns his back to No. 32, and is engaged with a
boy. The two figures between them support a large piece of cloth,
folded once lengthwise, and twice breadthwise. In this case also
archæologists have been doubtful which is the giver and which is
the receiver of the cloth; but the action represented is not one
either of giving or receiving. From the peculiar way in which the
boy grips an angle of the folded cloth between his elbow and his
side, while his hands are otherwise occupied, the act of folding
the cloth square seems to be represented. The portion nearest to
the spectator is being dropped down till its edges are parallel
with those of the lower part, so that the two parts should be
exactly doubled.
The group of figures just described (30-34) contains the centre of
the composition, and the interpretation of the frieze as a whole
depends on the meaning we attach to this group. Leaving on one
side the writers referred to on p. 147, who hold that the frieze
does not represent the Panathenaic festival, we find that a
majority of writers describes No. 32 as a Priestess of Athenè,
giving the sacred vessels to the Arrhephori or Ersephori, and No.
33 as a priest or Archon Basileus receiving or giving the
sacred peplos of Athenè. This view of Nos. 30-32 was necessarily
abandoned, when it had been perceived that the objects held by the
maidens are chairs, not baskets. As regards Nos. 33, 34, the main
arguments for interpreting the cloth as the peplos are, that the
accounts of the procession preserved in ancient authors show that
the conveyance of the peplos of Athenè was the principal feature
in it. If we look to the place assigned to this group in the
eastern frieze, we find that these two figures (Nos. 33, 34)
stand in the centre of the eastern front, under the apex of the
pediment, and over the eastern door of the cella. They therefore
occupy the most conspicuous place in the frieze, from the points
of view alike of the sculptured Gods and of the human spectator,
and accordingly may well be supposed to be busy with the chief
ceremony of the festival. This view is opposed by Flasch. He
argues that if the delivery of the peplos is represented, there
is a violation of the unity of time, as the act which was the main
motive of the procession is being completed, while the procession
is still in progress, and in part has not yet started. Flasch
therefore holds that we have here the priest and priestess
preparing for the sacrifice that is to take place on the arrival
of the procession. The priestess is receiving chairs for herself
and for the priest from the Diphrophori.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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