Until the great discovery of last year threw all others into the shade,
this discovery of M. Loret was unique, for the mummy of Amenhotep
was found still resting in its coffin under the gold-starred and
blue-painted roof of the funerary chamber--the first Pharaoh who had
ever been found sleeping in the tomb where he was laid. His own records
tell us of his prowess. “He is a king very weighty of arm,” so the
inscription of the Amada and Elephantine steles runs; “there is not one
who can draw his bow among his army, among the hill-country sheikhs, or
among the princes of Retenu, because his strength is so much greater
than that of any king who has ever existed.” In later days this boast
of the old Pharaoh got twisted into the curious legend which Herodotus
records of the king of Ethiopia who challenged Cambyses to draw his
bow. The redoubtable weapon itself, strange to say, was found in the
tomb along with its owner. It bore the inscription: “Smiter of the
Cave-dwellers, overthrower of Kush, hacking up their cities ... the
great wall of Egypt, protector of his soldiers.” Amenhotep was still
wrapped in his shroud and adorned with garlands; but the tomb had been
ruthlessly plundered in ancient days, and little of artistic value
was found. One of the side-chambers of the tomb, however, yielded a
store of Pharaohs, only second in importance to the great find of Der
el-Bahri. Here were gathered nine royal mummies, among them those of
Thothmes IV, Amenhotep III, Siptah, Ramses IV, Ramses V, and Ramses
VI. Most interesting of all, in view of the idea then prevalent of the
date of the Exodus, was the discovery, along with these, of the mummy
of Merenptah, who was held to be the Pharaoh of the Exodus. The absence
of Merenptah from the royal gathering at Der el-Bahri was explained by
interested but casual readers of Scripture by the fact that of course
he was drowned in the Red Sea. The narrative of Exodus, of course,
makes no such statement, and Merenptah duly appeared, though the
interest attaching to him has somewhat waned with the progress of the
view that the Exodus took place two hundred years before his reign.
The fate of the tomb of Amenhotep is suggestive of the difficulties
which meet the explorer in his attempt to preserve for science and to
treat with proper reverence the relics of the past which he unearths.
The great king was left in his coffin, with a few articles of his
funerary furniture beside him. The result was that in spite of the
armed guard which is maintained in the Valley of the Kings, or perhaps
with the complicity of the guard, the tomb was rifled in 1901, the
mummy of the Pharaoh tumbled out on the floor, and the model boat which
had been left beside the king stolen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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